Monday, August 24, 2020

Financial Analysis of Tesco free essay sample

This paper features distinctive monetary parts of TESCO Ltd. Organization. It recognizes various wellsprings of account for the organization. A review of various monetary proportions which speak to liquidity, productivity and execution of the organization. At that point a venture examination has been created for TESCO for additional development, improvement and extension of the business. Chapter by chapter list Abstract:2 Introduction:4 Sources of Finance:5 Internal Resources:5 External Sources:6 Recommendations:8 INVESTMENT APPRAISAL:10 Post Completion Review (PCR):10 Methods of Investment Appraisal11 Ratio Analysis:13 Profitability Ratios:13 Return on Assets:15 Efficiency Ratios:17 Liquidity Ratios:20 Quick Ratio:21 Stability Ratios:22 References:23 Introduction: TESCO was established by Mr. Jack Cohen in 1919, when he started to sell surplus staple goods from a slow down in the East End of London. It’s first own image item was TESCO Tea and its first store was Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. In 1932 TESCO stores turned into a private restricted organization. First current food distribution center was presented by TESCO in 1934. In most recent ten years, coming up next are the significant achievements of TESCO. †¢ Tesco. com was propelled and in this was it got on the web. †¢ TESCO became driving natural retailer in the UK. †¢ TESCO propelled ‘Customer Champions’ in its stores. †¢ It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in various sorts of business openings and with various items as per the neighborhood necessities. †¢ It turned out to be first significant British Super Market to enter music download advertise. †¢ It propelled Tesco Homeplus. The present technique of TESCO is to expand the business which was set down in 1997 and it has demonstrated the base of accomplishment for the business in UK as well as in numerous different markets and it had substantiated itself as a market head. Wellsprings of Finance: [pic] Internal Resources: Retained Profit: Retained benefit is the measure of benefit or profit which isn't disseminated to the investors however held for the some new venture/venture that way. So as opposed to going to banks or some other outside wellspring of account, for the most part associations like to use held benefit. Table and chart indicating held income from 2008 to Feb. 2010 [pic] Sale of fixed resources: Sale of fixed resources which are not any more required in the association because of the substitution of new innovation can be a wellspring of fund also so it would be a reasonable choice that as opposed to paying expense to keep up and stock such fixed resources, those advantages ought to be sold and money ought to be acquired. Outside Sources: Bank Overdraft: When a record arrives at zero, and still, after all that the organization can pull back the cash from the record, this is called overdraft (Sayer 2007). This office is significant for the organization as now and then it might need to utilize this office dire to achieve some exchange. HP/Leasing: According to Sayer (2007), â€Å"An understanding in which one gathering increases a drawn out tenant contract and the other party gets a type of made sure about long haul obligation. † The organizations like to rent the expensive hardware typically as opposed to buying it. The organization pays the lease of the rented thing according to terms and conditions while the renting organizations keeps up the things and as a rule supplant at whatever point there is some issue. Exchange Credit: â€Å"Trade credit is a plan between organizations to purchase products or administrations on account, that is, without making prompt money payment† (Atrill and McLaney 1995). It is the most effortless and snappiest approach to defer the installment with no sort of intrigue. Exchange credit is the fundamental and premier need of each business. Credits: Loan the measure of cash which is acquired from the budgetary establishment to begin another business or start some new ventures or items in the current business. As a rule in the wake of paying the enthusiasm on credit, charge is paid, so a few associations like to take advance as opposed to using the held profit for the business necessities. Before giving advance the monetary establishment consistently check the accounting report of the association to assess the strength and validity of the business. This is normally done by business investigators. Debentures: â€Å"A debenture is an unbound bond. Basically, it is a bond that isn't sponsored by a physical resource or collateral† (Ennew and Waite 2007). Debentures might be convertible or non-convertible. Convertible debentures permit the holder to trade the debenture for the company’s shares while non convertible debentures can never be changed over into company’s stock. Regularly the loan fee of non convertible debentures is higher than convertible debentures. Inclination shares: There are two primary attributes of inclination shares which make them unique in relation to regular stock: I) The holders of favored stock are given inclination in the dissemination of profit. ii) They don’t have the force or option to cast a ballot. Inclination offers can be changed over into normal stock. Proposals: As we take a gander at the monetary record of TESCO and concentrating on momentary outside wellsprings of account, we come to realize that present liabilities which are in reality transient wellsprings of fund are exchange and their payables, borrowings, subsidiary money related instruments and different liabilities, client stores and stores by banks. From the qualities clearly the present liabilities are expanded from 2008 to Feb. 2010 contrarily. The most significant factor is that they have negative current liabilities. Net current liabilities are appeared by the accompanying table and graph. |2008 (? ) |2009(? m) |Feb Feb. 2010(? m) | |(4045) |(4116) |(4250) | Table: Net Current Liabilities [pic] Graph demonstrating Short Term Liabilities of TESCO Long Term Liabilities are the wellsprings of money which are required to pay by the business in long haul I. e. over one year. A few its models are Debentures, bank credits and home loans, investment and so forth. By breaking down the accounting report of TESCO it is seen that it has negative non-current liabilities like borrowings, subsidiary budgetary instruments and different liabilities in negative which is actually an uncommon pattern and show the quality of the business. By and large it has the accompanying complete non-current or long haul liabilities. |2008 (? m) |2009(? m) |Feb. 2010(? m) | |(7,946) |(15063) |(15,327) | Table demonstrating absolute non-current liabilities [pic] Graph indicating complete non-current obligation for a long time From the examination of current and non current liabilities of TESCO it is a lot of clear that the organization is in a solid position. And yet they are passing up on the chance of using the liabilities, so it ought to extend the business by getting advances, as they have a great validity position and each monetary foundation would wish to be its loan boss. Venture APPRAISAL: At the point when the organizations are working out in a good way and they are in a solid position, they extend their business which is a decent choice. TESCO is likewise chipping away at similar lines; it has just extended its business to various nations. It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in various kinds of business openings and with various items as indicated by the neighborhood necessities. It is important to make a venture proposition. Six Stages of Project Appraisal: Venture Identification: First of all it is expected to distinguish the undertaking which will be the most beneficial and will likewise be least dangerous. Investors will clearly be concerned and intrigued uniquely with regards to that venture which gives them greatest profit for the speculation. Venture screening: it is the phase where recently speculated doable task assessed keeping in see all the parts of its execution, gainfulness and every single other issue. It is the fundamental choice stage for the best practical venture. Dissect Implication: In this stage it is assessed that the ramifications of the undertaking is possible or not. So it is totally analyzed and examined. Task Evaluation: This phase of the undertaking is increasingly worried about the results of the venture. It implies after the advancement of the task is finished what might be the results of the undertaking. It additionally clarifies that what might be the future possibilities. oo Accept or Reject: if the undertaking is plausible as far as cost, individuals and different assets and it would be advantageous for the organization, and afterward now the organization chooses to acknowledge it or reject. As at this stage it is smarter to dismiss a non attainable undertaking as opposed to contributing and squandering a lot of cash. Post Completion Review (PCR): According to Hirst and Kerrison (2009), â€Å"A post finishing audit is a procedure planned for surveying, ex post, the productivity and adequacy of a capital planning choice and of the administration of its execution. It depends on a correlation among arranged and genuine activities, expenses and asset use, results and advantages. † It incorporates the survey of all conjectures about business sectors, innovation, work force, condition, rivalry, cost of capital, and so forth cap were settled on during the dynamic time frame. It is the examination of suspicion and the genuine result and it is a progressing procedure through which associations improves.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

How to Tell Your Parents Youre Failing a College Class

Step by step instructions to Tell Your Parents You're Failing a College Class Despite the fact that there are things you can do if youre bombing a school class-or regardless of whether youve as of now bombed it-breaking the news to your folks is a totally unique issue. Odds are, your folks are going to need to see your evaluations now and again (interpretation: each semester), particularly if theyre paying for your educational cost. Subsequently, bringing home a huge F most likely wasnt on your rundown of activities this semester. Given that nobody will be glad about the circumstance, as well as can be expected be a fundamental one: Be straightforward, be certain, and be earnest. Come clean with Your Parents About Your Grades Speak the truth about the evaluation. What's going on here? A D? A F? Its better to just have this discussion once. Mother, Im going to get a F in Organic Chemistry is path superior to Mom, I think Im not doing so well in Organic Chemistry followed a couple of moments later by Well, Ive bombed the majority of the tests followed by Yeah, Im almost certain Im getting a F yet Im not absolutely sure-yet. Now in your life, you without a doubt realize that guardians manage getting awful news that can improve later than getting kinda awful news that deteriorates later. So simply speak the truth about your evaluation. What's going on here? What some portion of the condition is your deficiency (not concentrating enough, investing an excessive amount of energy mingling, and so on.)? Own up to the circumstance and the obligation. Trustworthiness might be somewhat awkward, yet it is without a doubt the best strategy in circumstances like this. Reveal to Your Parents How You Plan to Move Forward Present the circumstance as genuine yet additionally as a development and learning open door for you. Alright, so you bombed a class. What did you realize? That you have to deal with your time better? That you invested an excessive amount of energy simply spending time with individuals? That you have to take less units? That you should be less associated with clubs? That you have to curtail your work hours? Tell your folks what youre going to do any other way next semester with the goal that this wont happen once more. (Since truly, who needs to have this discussion once more?!) Mom, I bombed Organic Chemistry. Thinking back, I think this is on the grounds that I didnt invest enough energy in the lab/didnt balance my time well/was excessively occupied by all the pleasant things going on nearby, so next semester Im anticipating joining an examination gathering/utilizing a superior time the board framework/eliminating my co-curricular association. Furthermore, let your folks recognize what your alternatives are in as positive a light as could reasonably be expected. They no doubt will need to know, What does this mean? It is safe to say that you are on scholastic probation? Ready to stay aware of your different courses? Not ready to remain in your major? Be set up for how you can push ahead. Tell your folks what your scholastic circumstance is. Converse with your consultant about what your choices are. Mother, I bombed Organic Chemistry, however I conversed with my counsel since I realized I was battling. We will probably have me attempt it once again next semesterâ when its offered, yet this time Ill join an examination gathering and go to the coaching place in any event once per week. Be Sincere About Your Next Steps You may think youre a truly decent liar, however guardians can smell unscrupulousness from a mile away. You know it, and they know. So be earnest about what youre saying to them. Did you simply goof up and gain proficiency with an exercise about the fact that it is so essential to go to class? At that point disclose to them that as opposed to attempting to accuse a terrible educator or lab accomplice. Likewise, be true about where youre going from here. On the off chance that you dont know, that is alright, also as long as youre investigating your alternatives. On the other hand, be true when you tune in to what they need to state. They arent prone to be cheerful about your bombed class, yet they likely have your wellbeing on a fundamental level.

Saturday, July 18, 2020

Habits to Stop If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder

Habits to Stop If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Bad Habits to Break If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 05, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 14, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend Images/Getty Images If you have social anxiety disorder (SAD), you likely engage in behaviors that can actually harm your treatment and make your anxiety even worse. By becoming aware of these actions and working to stop them, you can help yourself get on the path to recovery. Stop Avoiding Avoidance can come in many forms. Perhaps you drink at parties to get through the night. Maybe you read speeches word for word or avoid eye contact when you talk to people. There are many forms of avoidance, some of which are so subtle you might not even realize that is what they are. Avoidance only makes anxiety worse in the long run because you never have to truly handle the situation at hand. Stop Thinking Negatively Negative thinking is at the root of social anxiety. Some of the most effective treatments for SAD, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are based on changing and working through negative thought processes. If you dont know where to start, consider keeping a thought diary to gain a better sense of how often you think negatively. How to Change Your Negative Thought Patterns When You Have SAD Stop Putting off Getting Help If you have not been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, it is time to reach out for help. Although it will be difficult to take that first step, it will be one that will change your life. A good place to start is by describing your situation to your family doctor. If you feel like your social anxiety is holding you back from even doing that, write out a case history and present the written report in the appointment. Getting Help for Social Anxiety Disorder Stop Thinking That There Is No Hope Perhaps you feel as though medication is too risky or that therapy wont work. What have you got to lose? There are established effective treatments for SAD and you owe it to yourself to give them a try. Stop Comparing Yourself to Others Comparing yourself to others only makes you feel good when you are doing better than everyone else. There will always be someone who is more confident, more socially adept, or who has a larger circle of friends. Instead of comparing yourself to others, start trying to improve yourself. The yardstick of your success is how you are doing now compared to one year ago. Not how you compare to everyone else. Stop Feeling Like You Cant Change Maybe you feel as though you were dealt a genetically bad hand. Maybe you think you are just too old to be helped. Whatever your reason for thinking you cant change, put it to rest. Learn to change the things you can, and accept those that you cant. You can improve your social skills with practice. You can become more comfortable in situations with proper exposure. There is always room for change. Stop Predicting Failure Stop thinking about what you dont want to happen. Instead, start thinking about what you do want to happen. The surest way to ensure failure is to expect it. If you have an upcoming speech, visualize yourself as a confident speaker. If you are going to a party, imagine being the social butterfly. They might not happen, but at least you have given yourself a chance. Predicting failure is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Stop Missing out on Opportunities Have you passed up a job promotion, dropped a college class or simply not been out of the house in weeks? If so, you are letting your social anxiety create missed opportunities in your life. You are more likely to regret the things that you didnt do or try than the mistakes you made. Vow not to let social anxiety stop you from getting what you want out of life. Stop Keeping It a Secret With social anxiety comes a lot of shame. Your worst fear is that other people will find out just how anxious you are in social situations. Why not start simply being honest? You dont have to come right out and tell perfect strangers that you suffer from severe social anxiety, but you can start small and mention to those closest to you that certain situations make you anxious. Over time, you might even become comfortable enough to share your whole story. How to Cope With Stigma About Social Anxiety Stop Thinking That You Are Alone One of the problems with being socially anxious is that you tend to spend less time talking with others and learning that they have problems too. It may seem that everyone else is always confident in social situations, but they are not. There are also a lot of people struggling with the very same issues as you. Visit message boards or read other peoples stories of social anxiety to reinforce the fact that you are not alone.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Difficulty Of Giving Up On Own Country - 1251 Words

The Difficulty of Giving Up On Own Country MAUS by Art Spiegelman was initially published in parts in Raw magazine between 1980 to 1991. Volumes I and II of the book Maus brought about using the comic/graphic novel medium to address serious, historical issues and events and talks about the concepts of norms, intentional inversions and cultural order relating to the issues. Maus is the tale of survival being narrated to the protagonist’s son while keeping the spirit and allegories of â€Å"comic† alive in the graphic novel. Maus takes a brave step using stereotyping the characters presented in the comic by portraying the Nazis as cats, Jews as mice, Polish people as pigs and other national stereotypes providing a nearly minimalistic, simplistic setting and approach to addressing the grave history and events of the holocaust. Spiegelman extended his style and theme into not only explaining the issues and presentation of the events and horrors of Nazi era but also what hap pened afterwards and the â€Å"responses† to holocaust received globally as well. Spiegelman uses this literary aspect to address with petits rà ©cits that is commonplace is postmodern era of today. While keeping the intentionally comic feel of MAUS alive with panel based drawings and dialogues, Maus presents readers with real world insights including maps of Poland, concentration camps, images of hideouts and even real photographs taken from family archives. These realistic allegories continue with the plans of theShow MoreRelatedBack to School Speech by Obama993 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 8th 2009 at the Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. The overall message in the speech is whether young people are taking school serious and understand the importance of hard work. 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Until every aspect of the United States is in order, we should not supply any other countries with help. The United States also has a failing public education system, citizens with food insecurities, and aging infrastructure. Giving aid can do more harm than good to a developing country. Instead ofRead MoreLanguage : A Political Instrument1460 Words   |  6 Pagesas a means of expression and empowerment. In the essay â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?† by James Baldwin, he was able to illustrate the history of the discrimination of language and how black English is not accepted as its own language. Baldw in, also, shows that due to the lack of acknowledgement of black English, it lacks the power it needs to empower the people who speak it. In the essay â€Å"Politics and the English Language† by George Orwell, he was able to break down languageRead MoreThe Impact of the Deficit Surplus and Debt of the United States1225 Words   |  5 Pageskept busy producing goods that other countries are interested in and its GDP (or income) consequently rises. When imports, however, are greater than exports, the United States is said to have a balance of trade deficit and has surplus goods. In this situation, the USA is buying products (thereby giving of its money to another country) but not earning anything in return (since its level of exports is insignificant). When import exceeds that of export, the country may find itself in grave economic dangerRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society942 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen forced to open up to the world and to free their borders to f acilitate exchanges. Therefore, people began to feel less constrained by their nationality and became what is often referred to as citizens of the world, free to move and settle, at least theoretically, wherever they wish. This leads to wonder whether this dematerialization of nations has done away with nationalist and patriotic sentiments for these citizens of the world, or if it leads them to return on their own core identities. In

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Drugs in Society Study Guide Essay - 4299 Words

CCJS 340 - Drugs in Society Study Guide What drug is most commonly abused by young adults (as determined by recent surveys noted in the text)? Marijuana According to the 2005 NIDA Household Survey on Drug Abuse, people in which age group are the most likely to have ever used drugs? People between the ages of 26 and 32 Findings by the Community Epidemiology Workgroup reveal that the types of drugs used in different cities vary. Which drugs seem to be more prevalent in western cities? Stimulants Which of the following is usually not considered to be an effect of the illegal drug crisis? Increased productivity According to the text, what factorshave been major contributors to the demise of the two-parent household?†¦show more content†¦What is the lead agency in drug control? THE DEA 2. Which U.S. president declared a War on Drugs? Richard Nixon 3. According to to the text, which best describes a major goal of the DEA? To eliminate illegal drugs as close as possible to their source. 4. What is the chief law enforcement arm of the federal government? Federal Bureau of Investigation 5. The DEA’s mission is domestic only False 6. This historical separation of powers between the police and the military is defined under the Posse Comitatus Act? TRUE 7.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of seizures carried out by the U.S. Coast Guard? Random Seizures 8. The U.S. Customs zone extends how far offshore? 12miles 9. The community policing concepts integrates community members into the police department. False 10. According to the text, the separation of powers btwn Customs and Border Protection and The DEA is well defined. False 11. According to the text, what is the priority mission of the Border Patrol? To prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the U.S. 12. 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Media in Today’s Life Free Essays

In the last 400 years of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th  century and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such a large scale based on the principle of â€Å"create once, publish many. † Media today encompasses  print  media- newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. ;  electronic  media-radio, television, telephony and the internet; and  entertainment  media- films and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Media in Today’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has made the idea of a â€Å"global village† a reality, has brought about the true realization of the freedom of speech and has helped in spreading education, health and equality. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen being at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But together with the aforementioned beneficial effects of the spread of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well. Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called â€Å"Yellow journalism†), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information authenticity and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream of  inclusive  development. Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the country. Today All India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and telephone services. Even the spread of education through Distance Learning has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues. The â€Å"Latitude of Acceptance† has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has also been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society. Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The Founding Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, secular and democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the coming future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals. How to cite Media in Today’s Life, Papers

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Time Traveling Essay Example For Students

Time Traveling Essay There are three working theories the Time Traveler developed upon his visit to the distant future. The first is the laziness of what human-kind has become. The second is the division between the classes, below ground and above it. The third is based on how human evolution had gone back to its starting point. The glorification of technology is not the answer to the utopian life we all seek. The first theory of the laziness of human-kind is unfolding today. We grow more and more dependant upon machines to feed, clothe, bathe, groom, cure, and entertain our needs. We think we are in atechnologically superior times, but if one takes away electricity, we are back in the dark ages. The people of the year 802,700 lack any sense of drive or motivation due to not having any problems at all. The Eloi play everyday without a care in the world. The only element in their world that is problematic is the darkness the harbors the evil Morlocks. We will write a custom essay on Time Traveling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second theory about the future is of the division of the classes. He believes that in the future the people of the earth separated into below ground and above ground states of living. The working class lived deep inside the earth much like in the movie Metropolis, while the owners lived above ground free to live life to its fullest. It is from this working hypothesis that the future developed this way, thus labeling the Morlocks as working class and the Eloi as the owners. Thousands of years of a divided society could conceivably result from this. The final theory is how evolution has come back upon itself. The Morlocks ate the Eloi. The Time Traveler saw how humans grew lazy from having no challenges/problems. At some point, there probably was a time when the classes went below and above ground, but they all grew so dependant upon the machines to take care of their world that commerce and politics became obsolete. Then when the machines could not feed them(Morlocks) anymore, they turned to what is most primal in all of us, the means to survive via eating whatever(Eloi) is around. In a way, corporations devour or prey upon the weak whether it be through Marketing or Sales. Corporations survive off of peoples money, and they will get it from normal trade or scamming people who seem venerable like Senior Citizens. The future seems to be bleak through the eyes of the Time Traveler. The world is shaped by the fallen ruins of what seems to be a great utopian society. The irony is that once people are left with no work and no problems, they become lifeless and weak. They also take it another step to cannibalism when their mighty machines cannot do all the work for them. It is apparent that the world we live in is guided and measured by how our technology advances us. Technology is not an evil thing. It helps us cure new diseases, etc. Our development should not follow the theory of letting our technology surpass our humanity, but allowing our humanity to surpass our technology. .

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

adventures of huckleberry finn essays

adventures of huckleberry finn essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a renowned novel by Mark Twain, is the story of a young boy, who, in a desperate attempt to escape his abusive and poverty stricken home, escapes and seeks help with the Mississippi River, where he experiences many different trials. The novel was finally published in 1885, being written on spurts of inspiration interrupted by long periods during which it sat on the authors desk. Now it is published in at least twenty-seven languages. Samuel Clemens, the name that lies under the pen name of Mark Twain, was born in Missouri in 1835. The town where he lived, Hannibal, Missouri, became the model for St. Petersburg, the fictional town of Huckleberry Finn. Missouri was a slave state during this period, and his family owned a few slaves, who worked as domestic servants rather than working on the large agricultural plantations as most slaves in the deep South did. The institution of slavery is prominent in the development of the themes and characters of the novel. Twain received a brief formal education before going to work as an apprentice in a print shop. He later found work on a steamboat in the Mississippi River where he took his pseudonym, Mark Twain, from the call a steamboat worker would make when the ship reached two fathoms. He eventually went to work as a journalist and then as a humorist. Twain is also known to have written The Gilded Age (1873), The Prince and the Pauper (1882), Life on the Mississippi (1883 ), and Tom Sawyer (1876). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn outlines the different experiences and developing friendship of the novels two main characters, Huck and Jim. Huck, a young boy trying to escape from his life, and Jim, a black slave, wanting to escape from being sold to a farmer in the deep South, join together to sail on the Mississippi River to the Ohio River, which would lead to their freedom, but they miss it in the dark. Huck faces a moral dilemma ...

Monday, March 2, 2020

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles In a hybrid and other electric vehicles (EVs), two key elements work together to manage power and recharge the circuits. Here is how these critical components- the inverter and converter- work in tandem.   The Function of an Inverter Broadly speaking, an inverter  is an electrical device that converts electricity derived from a DC (Direct Current) source to AC (Alternating Current) of the type that can be  used to drive a device or appliance. In a solar power system, for example, the power stored by batteries charged by solar panels is converted to standard AC power by the inverter, which provides the power to plug-in outlets and other standard 120-volt devices.   An inverter serves the same kind of function in a hybrid or EV car, and the theory of operation is relatively simple. DC power, from a hybrid battery, for example, is fed to the primary winding in a transformer within the inverter housing. Through an electronic switch (generally a set of semiconductor transistors), the direction of the flow of current is continuously and regularly flip-flopped (the electrical charge travels into the primary winding, then abruptly reverses and flows back out). The in/outflow of electricity produces AC current in the transformers secondary winding circuit. Ultimately, this induced alternating current electricity provides power for an AC load- for example, an electric vehicles (EV) electric traction motor. A rectifier is a similar device to an inverter except that it does the opposite, converting AC power to DC power. The Function of a Converter More properly called a voltage converter, this electrical device actually changes the voltage (either AC or DC) of an electrical power source. There are two types of voltage converters: step up converters (which increases voltage) and step down  converters (which decreases voltage). The most common use of a converter is to a take relatively low voltage source and step-it-up to high voltage for heavy-duty work in a high power consumption load, but they can also be used in reverse to reduce voltage for a light load source. Inverter/Converter Tandem Units An inverter/converter is, as the name implies, one single unit that houses both an inverter and a converter. These are the devices that are used by both EVs and hybrids to manage their electric drive systems. Along with a built-in charge controller, the inverter/converter supplies current to the battery pack for recharging during regenerative braking, and it also provides electricity to the motor/generator for vehicle propulsion. Both hybrids and EVs use relatively low-voltage DC batteries (about 210 volts)  to keep the physical size down, but they also generally use highly efficient high voltage (about 650 volts) AC motor/generators. The inverter/converter unit choreographs how these divergent voltages and current types work together. Because of the use of transformers and semiconductors (and the accompanying resistance encountered), enormous amounts of heat are emitted by these devices. Adequate cooling and ventilation are paramount to keeping the components operational. For this reason,  inverter/converter installations in hybrid vehicles have their own dedicated cooling systems, complete  with pumps and radiators, that are entirely independent of the engines cooling system.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Design and Contemporary Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Design and Contemporary Culture - Essay Example In support of their ideologies, the authors present the case of the crisis of Victoria in British Columbia that saw the rise of teenage violence in the early 2000s. The authors explain how this violence and chaos were brought out as a social crisis in the state after years of hiding owing to the fear of tarnishing the city’s image. The authors also use other cases of youth violence and crime, as well as, the responses towards these situations, in support of their arguments regarding social construction of crises. In essence, the authors explain the role of the media in both, representing the real picture during crisis and its inability to grasp the intricacy of the truth of the crisis1. This first section of the article also explains what is to be covered in the next sections, and facilitates the comprehension of some of the ideas and concepts regarding social construction. Representation. Having introduced the story of youth violence in the first section of the article, Oâ₠¬â„¢Brien and Szeman examine the concept of representation as is relates to social construction. The term representation is defined as the social construction of meaning by use of sign systems2. ... Representation affects people’s thoughts and perceptions concerning certain events, hence its role in social construction. To, further, elucidate their ideas regarding representation, the authors also draw attention to the structuralist theories of representation, as well as, the rules of representation in social construction. As explained in the article, the structuralist theories of representation are focused on the indirect meanings of words and cultural practices, as opposed to, their direct meaning. Put simply, these theories put more emphasis on how words mean instead of what they mean4. O’Brien and Szeman provide the example of the semiotic theory in support of this, and they explain how this theory has had a major impact on culture. Essentially, the semiotics theory consists of two main elements including the langue and parole. The langue is what the authors refer to as the what the meaning is, where as the parole refers to how the meaning is presented. The lang ue is also associated with the system as a whole as existent on the abstract level, whereas, parole has been closely linked with individual utterances5. O’Brien and Szeman also discuss the rules of representation, and how their application in social construction. The authors explain the rules of representation are quite simple and they involve drawing the line between storytelling and the depiction of actual events. While these two principles may have a relation in social construction, the authors explain that the ability comprehend the role of these two elements in social construction is imperative. It provides individuals with the ability to draw out made up stories from actual realities. To support their argument, O’Brien and Szeman provide

Sunday, February 2, 2020

STI and HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STI and HIV - Essay Example Nearly 88% of these people are in the sexually active and economically productive age group of 15 to 49 years (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). Therefore, most people living with HIV are in the prime of their working lives with many of them supporting families. The remaining 8% of the infected population are above 50 years and another 4% are children (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). The spread of HIV in India has been very uneven. Although the overall rate of infection in India has been very low, certain regions and certain population groups within the country have extremely high rate of infection. The infection rates are extremely high in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and the far north-east states of Manipur and Nagaland. Together these states account for 64% of the HIV burden in India (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 14). Prevalence Rates Overall the prevalence of HIV for adult males and females has shown a declining trend in the past five years. In 2006, it was 0.36% while in 2002 it was 0.45% in 2002 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). ... 2007). One of the major concerns regarding the epidemic of HIV in India is the increase seen in the proportion of infections among children and adults above 50 years. Among children, the prevalence of HIV was 3% in 2002 which increased to 4% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Similarly, the prevalence of the disease was 6% among adults above the age of 50 which has increased to 8% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Transmission route In India, nearly 88% of the transmission of STI/HIV happens through heterosexual contact (The World Bank 2008). Other routes of transmission include perinatal (4.7%), unsafe blood and blood products (1.7%), infected needles and syringes (1.8%) and other unspecified routes of transmission (4.1%) (The World Bank 2008). It is interesting to note that in the high prevalence southern states of India, STI/HIV has been found to spread primarily through heterosexual contact while in the high prevalence north-eastern states , the disease has been found to spread mainly among injecting drug users and sex workers (National AIDS Control Organization 2006). Researchers believe that the HIV epidemic in India has followed the ‘type 4’ pattern (The World Bank 2008). This is a pattern where new infections occur among the most vulnerable populations like the female sex workers, men who have sex with men or the injecting drug users. The infection then spreads to ‘bridge’ populations like the clients of sex workers or sexual partners of drug users and finally it enters the general population. Studies have revealed that long distance truck drivers and male migrant workers make up significant proportions of clients of sex workers (UNGASS 2008). In

Friday, January 24, 2020

John Stuart Mills Essay On Liberty -- John Stuart Mill On Liberty

John Stuart Mill's Essay On Liberty The main theme of on liberty was the individual. Everything else, society, education,government and so forth had their basis in the individuals rights to his own liberty. No one, no member of society, government, even God, if he appeared before an individual, could inforce his will upon him. That is not to say that you couldnt change someones mind through discussions, but instead, that no one had a right to force his views upon another. Your happiness is yours(individual) to enjoy without any infringements. Conversations between individuals or groups of individuals is essential in developing the notion of liberty. Mill claims that you should feel free to convey your views openly without forcing them onto others. After all, a man who learns from no one but himself has a fool for a teacher. There is however an exception to this rule. That is, if an individual in any way harms or comes onto anothers rights to liberty, or causes a social threat, hence he or she is subjected to forced inclinations by other members of society. For example, walking around nude on the streets of Cairo might be your cup of tea, alas, in Cairo they prefer coffee. In other words, if you offend other individuals, you are in fact infringing on their rights as free citizens who poses a sovereign mind. However if you choose to remain nude while in the comfort of your hotel room in Cairo, then there is no reason why you shouldn't....

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Taco Bell: Reengineering

| | |[pic] | |Taco Bell- A Reengineering Success Story | |A Reengineering Success Story | | | | | | | Contents 1. About Taco Bell3 2. The Problem Starts3 3. Reengineering to the Rescue3 4. The After Effects6 About Taco Bell The franchise, Taco Bell is an eatery that needs no introduction. Taco Bell Corp. based in Irvine, California is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. , and the United States’ leading Mexican style quick-service restaurant. Taco Bell serves tacos, burritos signature Quesadillas, grilled stuft burritos, nachos, and other specialty items such as the Crunchwrap Supreme, in addition to a wide variety of Big Bell Value Menu items. Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion consumers each year in the more than 5,800 restaurants in the US. In 2005, Taco Bell generated sales of $1. 8 billion in company restaurants and $4. 4 billion in franchise restaurants. More than 80% of their restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees. There are currently more than 278 restaurants operating in Canada, Guam, Aruba, Dominican Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, Asia, Europe and the Philippines. The Problem Starts In 1983, analysis showed that the Taco Bell’s total cumulative growth since 1978 was a shocking negative 16% compared to a positive 6% of the total industry. This prompted the management to pinpoint immediately what was going wrong and where. This led them to identify the following factors: †¢ Lack of business vision for the company †¢ Reliance on obsolete management and operational practices, which focused more upon the processes rather than the customers themselves †¢ Top-down structure with multiple levels of management †¢ Following traditional approaches, which assumed what customers wanted without even asking them All the above factors were resulting in slower and costlier service. Having identified some of the key areas that needed improvement, Taco Bell started reengineering itself out of troubled waters. The more they listened, the more they found out that what customers wanted was very simple- good food, served fast and hot, in a clean environment and at a price they could afford. Reengineering to the Rescue The old system of operations at Taco Bell was based upon traditional operational practices, which were grossly insufficient for the economic and business climate of the 21st Century. This entire set-up was based upon certain assumptions, which include the following: †¢ Assuming that the restaurant knew what the customer wanted without even asking them. This led them to falsely believe that the customer wanted fancier decor, broader menus, outdoor playground etc. , instead of quality food at affordable prices. Investing in large kitchen areas, which in some instances covered over 70% of the total area in the mistaken belief that it would improve customer satisfaction †¢ Operating the restaurant along the lines of a manufacturing company rather than a retail outlet. Doin g away with this concept led to the development of novel ideas like K-Minus and TACO. †¢ Believing that the only segment they could target was the one within the restaurant’s premises. This translated into $78 million, whereas outside the restaurant, the total market came to about $600 billion in the USA alone. †¢ Limiting themselves to the goal of becoming a value leader in the quick-service restaurant industry rather than the value leader for all foods for all occasions. Reengineering the setup at Taco Bell involved several steps, including: †¢ Complete reorganization of human resources †¢ Dramatic redesign of operational systems †¢ Doing away with entire levels of management †¢ Creation of jobs like â€Å"market manager† †¢ Replacing area supervisors with market managers and reducing their numbers †¢ Eliminating district managers and promoting restaurant managers †¢ Reduction in the costs of everything about the business except the cost of the food and its packaging The management process was completely and dramatically reengineered–three layers were eliminated, including the entire â€Å"district manager† supervisory level. Every job in the system was redefined. Restaurant managers were given greater latitude to run their own businesses, and ultimately became â€Å"Restaurant General Managers. † In short, Taco Bell followed only one rule during the entire process of reengineering- â€Å"Enhance those things that bring value to the customer and change or eliminate those that don’t. † With this motto their corporate vision became clearer, â€Å"We want to be number one in the share of stomach[1]. † This was a vision of the company becoming a leader in the restaurant business and not just the Mexican food business was articulated. They also changed their restaurant structure by: †¢ Limiting kitchen area from 70% to 30% †¢ Increasing the customer area from 30% to 70% †¢ Doubling the seating capacity in the area available Additionally, reengineering led Taco Bell to introduce two new methodologies, namely K-Minus and TACO (Total Automation of Company Operations). [pic] Figure 2 Taco Bell’s two new methodologies K-Minus means kitchen less restaurant, based on the nature of the company. All of their food was cooked outside the restaurant in central locations. This stemmed from the concept that food should be retailed instead of manufactured. TACO (Total Automation of Company Operations) provides each restaurant with a Marketing Information System (MIS) and empowered the employees with computer know-how. It eliminated paper-work and allowed more time to be spent on customers. It helped keep track of sales minute by minute. Such programs served as agents of change for more innovative ideas such as new and varied points of distribution (like street corners and concessions stands) etc. This case study brings forth the following conclusions: Reengineering businesses is very much a reality and is not limited to the confines of a textbook. If done properly, it can virtually turn around any business; be it consumer goods (Kodak), restaurants (Taco Bell) or financial institutions (IBM Credit). The customer must be the starting point for all reengineering methods, concepts, ideas and processes. Resistance to change must be anticipated and appropriate steps must be taken to deal with it. Every company that seeks to be reengineered should seek a motto that makes its corporate vision clear, like that of Taco Bell. The After Effects These changes have had a huge impact on the company. Taco Bell went from a failing regional Mexican -American fast food chain with $500 million in sales in 1982, to a $3 billion national company 10 years later, with a goal to expand further to $20 million. While the environment was not a factor in Taco Bell's reengineering, it has benefited through the reengineering process. For example the TACO program (Total Automation of Company Operations) provides sophisticated MIS technology for all employees, saving thousands of hours of paperwork — and thus paper — as well as promoting self-sufficiency and reducing time spent on administration. The K-Minus program, or kitchenless restaurant, established a system where the large majority of food preparation occurs at central commissaries rather than in the restaurant, pushing 15 hours of work a day out of the restaurant, improving quality control and employee morale, reducing employee accidents and injuries, and resulting in substantial savings on utilities. The K-Minus program saves Taco Bell about $7 million a year. ———————– [1] The company introduced a new performance measurement called â€Å"the total share of stomach. † Instead of measuring success as market share of the fast-food market, Taco Bell set the goal of becoming the value leader for all foods for all meal occasioned. That created a broader vision and stimulated the development of new innovations.