Cross cultural communication Essay

There are six principals in cross-cultural communication. The first principal states that the greater the cultural difference the greater the chance is for the communication ti break down. The second principal says that when communication breakdowns occur during cross-cultural encounters, the breakdowns are most often attributed to cultural differences. The third principal states that communicating across cultures often leads people to be more conscious about their own communication. The fourth one states that cultures vary with respect to the number and kind of â€Å"do’s and taboos† that are required of its members. The fifth one states that a person should remember that learning what is normal in the culture the are communicating with helps you understand that group. The last principal states that as long as you see others as friendly and cooperative barriers will easily be broken down (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, Chapter Chapter 3, Cultural Diversity, 2010). I chose to write about Hispanics. There healthcare experience is similar to African American, which is my race. First there is the language barrier. They speak another language and it can sometimes be hard to explain things when there is not a translator present. Things get lost in translation. Another issue is that they don’t have healthcare. They don’t have insurance so they don’t go to a doctor and in turn they have poor health (Bzostek, Goldman, & Pebley, 2007). When it comes to communications, there are many barriers. Providers communicate differently when it comes to Hispanics. Studies have shown that when providers deal with the Spanish speaking patients they ask less open ended question and probes for patient understanding because of the language barrier (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). A seconds study states that when providers relied on interpreters for communicating with their patients, but lack of availability of the interpreters and patient waiting were reported as barriers in using interpreters effectively (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). This barrier led providers to turn to English speaking family n members and bilingual staff who made the communication dull (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). In my opinion these are just some of the barriers that stand in between Hispanics and non-Hispanic providers. To me language is the most common one. When people have this barriere they are less likely to want to communicate because they don’t thing the other party will understand the message they are trying to send. So if they do communicate there will be a lack of enthusiasm and the message will not come across correctly. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the Workplace. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Bzostek, S., Goldman, N., & Pebley, A. (2007, September). Why do Hispanics in the USA report poor health?. Social Science & Medicine, 65(5), 990 – 1003.

Ethics of eating meat Essays

Ethics of eating meat Essays Ethics of eating meat Essay Ethics of eating meat Essay Essay Topic: Vegetarian Have you of all time wondered why people become vegetarians? Peoples who are vegetarians choose to go so for a broad assortment of grounds. Bing a vegetarian has become a popular and voguish during the past few decennaries. However. harmonizing to Alan Beardsworth and Alan Bryman writers of Meat Consumption and Meat Avoidance Among Young Peoples: An 11-year Longitudinal Study. people have started to eat more meat instead than avoid it. Whether vegetarianism is on the rise or non. it is interesting to detect what drives a individual to take a vegetarian life style. John Lawrence Hill. professor of jurisprudence at St. Thomas University. School of Law. and writer of The Case for Vegetarianism. holds that about nine million Americans are vegetarians. which is about four per centum of the full population of the United States. Reasons for why people of this group go vegetarians include wellness. non wishing the gustatory sensation of meat. compassion for animate beings. and spiritual grounds. Harmonizing to Karen Iacobbo. professor at Johnson and Wales University. and Michael Iacobbo. a journalist for the Associated Press and the Providence Pheonix. who are both the writers of Vegetarians and Vegans in America Today. people even become vegetarians in order to stop universe hungriness. When people decide to go vegetarians. they are normally motivated by a individual ground. Iacobbo goes on to state that the individual who decided to go a vegetarian normally adds other grounds why they became one ( Iacobbo ) . I think this is true. because one thing might eventually convert person to go a vegetarian. but as they learn more about vegetarianism and run into other vegetarians. their ground for going a vegetarian will go many grounds. In their book. Karen and Michael Iacobbo include a study taken by the Vegetarian Times in 1992 that stated that the bulk of people become vegetarians for wellness grounds. followed by ethical. spiritual. environmental. and other reasons ( 74 ) . Conversely. Hill points out that 67 per centum of people who become vegetarians did so because of carnal agony concerns. followed by 38 per centum who were concerned with wellness. Either manner. wellness and animate being agony are the two largest concerns for people who decide to go vegetarians. Merely four per centum of the full United States is vegetarian? This truly is non much of the population at all. If vegetarianism was so much better for you than being an omnivore. shouldn’t the figure be much greater? If it is so easy to go a vegetarian. wouldn’t at that place be more people change overing? The reply should be yes. but why is this non the instance? Those against the thought of going vegetarians have the replies. They claim that vegetarianism is non every bit healthy as it claims to be. Peoples choose non to go vegetarians so that they can acquire all the vitamins that are indispensable for healthy life. because they are pregnant. or so that they can maintain a healthy bone denseness. All these grounds are to advance wellness. It is interesting to larn that most people become vegetarians for wellness grounds. while most people say they stay omnivores for wellness grounds excessively. Additionally. people are meat-eaters because it is inconvenient to be a vegetarian. It can be really hard for people who are accustomed to eating meat their whole life to do the switch to vegetarianism. Another ground people do non desire to be vegetarians is so they do non hold to cover with societal state of affairss that may originate because they are vegetarians. In this explorative research paper I aim to larn the grounds why people choose or choose non to be vegetarians and to explicate both sides of the vegetarian/anti-vegetarian statement. Health grounds are a major factor that makes people want to go vegetarians. Iacobbo claims that surveies show that a vegetarian diet can assist forestall or change by reversal arthritis. diabetes. bosom disease. and malignant neoplastic disease. Prevention or reversal of diseases and malignant neoplastic disease are great. sensible. and productive grounds to go a vegetarian. Suzanne Havala Hobbs. D. Ph. . RD. clinical helper professor at the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. tells us sticking to a vegetarian diet can be challenging†¦ especially†¦ if your motive for traveling vegetarian is health ( qtd. in Iacobbo 74 ) . Becoming a vegetarian is hard plenty. and if person doesn’t feel like they are doing a difference or experience like they have a strong adequate motive. he or she is likely to neglect. An interesting quotation mark that I found in my research is the fat you eat is the fat you wear. as stated by John McDougall. MD. ( qtd. in Iacobbo 75 ) . In other words. eating meat is seemingly an unhealthy diet and makes you fat. So. in order to non acquire fat. people become vegetarians because that diet is lower in fat. Harmonizing to Iacobbo’s book. Neal Bernard and his Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine have done surveies that demonstrate that a vegan diet can ensue in a reversal of disease. His survey is really important because a diet without meat that can change by reversal disease is singular. More people should desire to go vegetarians merely because of surveies like this. Some people choose to be vegetarians because they dislike the gustatory sensation of meat. Harmonizing to Hill. twelve per centum of vegetarians are so because they do non like the gustatory sensation of meat. This statement for going a vegetarian is rather simple because if a individual does non like meat. they will non eat it. Meat-eaters can non reason with the disfavor of meat because it is merely personal penchant. I do non truly understand why people dislike meat though. Possibly they have neer had meat cooked right so that it tastes delightful. Possibly they have grown up most of their life without eating meat. and after they taste it. it’s merely different from what they are used to. In any state of affairs. you can’t truly change someone’s head to non be a vegetarian if they merely don’t like the gustatory sensation of meat. Although some don’t like the gustatory sensation of eating meat. some are wholly against it for the animals’ interests. Animal inhuman treatment and mill agriculture are two of the most popular grounds for going a vegetarian. Factory agriculture is a system of large-scale industrialized and intensive agribusiness that is focused on net income with animate beings kept indoors and restricted in mobility ( Dictionary. com ) . Hill claims that mill farms do non care about the animals’ life conditions ; all mill farms care about is the net income they make off the animate beings they sell. Because there are topographic points like mill farms. taking meat can present a job for mundane omnivores. An interesting quotation mark I came upon during my geographic expeditions was a quotation mark about taking to eat meat: if you eat meat today. your typical pick is between animate beings raised with either more ( poulet. Meleagris gallopavo. fish. and porc ) or less ( beef ) cruelty ( Foer 243 ) . I thought this quotation mark was valuable because it explicitly states that there is no good manner to take meat. Any type of meat you could take is bad because the animate beings were treated awfully. Foer besides mentions that contributing to the agony of one million millions of animate beings that live suffering lives and ( rather frequently ) die in hideous ways is a great influence to possible vegetarians ( 243 ) . Foer puts it rather obviously that the meat we eat every twenty-four hours comes from animate beings who were treated in cruel ways. Peoples sometimes choose non to eat meat because they care about the manner animate beings are treated before and at the clip of decease. Peoples don’t merely become vegetarians for experiencing sorry for animate beings. Some people have to be vegetarians because of their faith. Iacobbo states that for 1000s of old ages. vegetarianism has been practiced for such faiths as Judaism. Christianity. Catholicism. Seventh Day Adventism. Mormonism. and Paganism. Harmonizing to Hill. vegetarianism is besides customary in Hinayana Buddhism. Hill goes on to province that Hinduism is known for its rigorous attachment to vegetarianism†¦ ( 32 ) . So. vegetarian is inordinately popular throughout many faiths all over the universe. Although some people like to be vegetarians for assorted other grounds. these spiritual people are required or suggested to be because of their faiths. It is absolutely apprehensible for people to believe that they should be vegetarians because their faith requires them to be. Surprisingly to some. people sometimes choose to go vegetarians in order to assist stop universe hungriness. This ground for going vegetarian was surprising to me because I had neer heard of this ground before prosecuting in my research. Hill states that the job is that a 3rd of the world’s grain crop is used to feed farm animal. but about a billion people in the universe are malnourished. He so proposes that the solution to this job is to make over the system to better utilize the resources to assist eliminate universe hungriness. An nameless author in Hill’s book calls this abuse of the resources unfair distribution and provinces that if everyone†¦ became a vegetarian. it would be possible to give four dozenss of comestible grain to every starvation person ( qtd. in Hill 128 ) . So. the less meat people eat. the more grains there are for the remainder of the universe to eat. If the cattles. hogs. and chickens don’t eat those grains. it gives more to the people who truly necessitate it. Basically. if the universe were comprised of vegetarians. people would non endure from famishment. Meat feeding has been practiced for 1000s and 1000s of old ages. This alone for some is ground adequate for being omnivorous. There are besides other grounds to be a meat-eater though. Some of them are being pregnant. being a babe or yearling. acquiring all the vitamins and minerals necessary for a healthy life. incommodiousness of being a vegetarian. and to avoid societal state of affairss and covering with one’s vegetarianism. A big part of today’s vegetarians is adult females. Womans who are vegetarians or adult females who might desire to go vegetarians might make up ones mind to non be vegetarians for their gestation. Harmonizing to Nina Planck. writer of Real Food: What to Eat and Why. a adult female who was anticipating stated that before she became pregnant. she [ †¦ ] concluded that a vegan gestation was irresponsible. You can non make and nurture a robust babe simply on nutrients from workss. Planck goes on to province that vegetarians who have babes that they would wish to be vegetarians sometimes allow the babes to eat a non-vegan diet. She besides argues that chest milk is the best nutriment for babes. She adds that sometimes vegans try to utilize soya milk as a replacing for chest milk. but that soymilk stunts growing and besides decreases the soaking up of protein and minerals. I agree that chest milk is the best beginning of foods for babes. Womans were designed to do the milk for the babes to imbibe. so it should be the ideal nutriment for the babes. In add-on. Boards claims that a vegan diet is every bit unsafe for weaned babes and yearlings. who need plentifulness of protein and Ca. From her statements we can infer that for babes to hold a vegetarian diet is unhealthy because they will non acquire adequate protein. and will stop up unhealthy. In summing up. babes need to be omnivorous or at least be able to eat dairy merchandises in order to hold the healthiest life style. Babies are non the lone 1s that need all their foods. Many people choose to be omnivores in order to acquire all the vitamins and foods they need. Harmonizing to the article To Meat or Not to Eat. cutting out meat does non needfully intend being healthy. [ †¦ ] Kids besides could be cutting out cardinal foods. particularly if they go vegan. A vegetarian diet could be detrimental by itself. and I surely agree that it could be even worse for immature grownups to be vegan. Winston J. Craig of the Department of Nutrition and Wellness at Andrews University declares that diets without eggs. fish. or seaweed do non hold n-3 fatty acids that help with the cardiovascular system. Vegans do non eat eggs or fish. so they are likely to hold more jobs with their bosom since these nutrients are non in their diet. Craig states that vegetarians and particularly vegans have lower blood concentrations of n-3 fatty acids compared to meat feeders. Craig’s article includes an EPIC-Oxford survey. in which it was observed that vegans have a one-fourth of the sum of vitamin D that non-vegetarians have. Penney explains that Vitamin D enables our organic structures to utilize Ca. Without sufficient vitamin D. people will non be able to absorb and utilize the Ca they may or may non intake. Penney subsequently adds that Ca is of import for people to absorb for bone mass. Craig claims vegans tend to hold lower concentrations of vitamin B-12. hence making vitamin B-12 lacks. So vegans will be given to hold more vitamin B-12 lacks than non-vegans or non-vegetarians. Craig besides argues that vegetarians have low consumptions of Ca because of their diets. As Craig explains. a vitamin B-12 lack creates neurological and psychiatric complications. He adds that vegetarians consume less Zn than non-vegetarians. but grounds for this being a job is missing. However. some people are likely to non go vegetarians anyhow so that if a lower consumption of Zn turns out to be a job. they will non hold to worry. So. people are likely non to take a vegetarian diet in order to derive all the n-3 fatty acids. vitamin D. vitamin B-12. and zinc their organic structures require. Harmonizing to Hill. the incommodiousness of being a vegetarian is the most of import ground. as a practical affair. that many people do non go vegetarians ( 154 ) . Hill states that 27 per centum of vegetarians found non eating meat really hard to make. Hill understands why vegetarianism can be hard to follow. saying that eating meat is easier. more gratifying. and more convenient than eating a vegetarian diet. He calls get downing a vegetarian diet downright burdensome. So even harmonizing to a vegetarian. get downing vegetarianism can be a hard undertaking to set about. Non-vegetarians may make up ones mind to remain vegetarians for societal grounds. A common belief among meat-eaters is. harmonizing to Hill. if they become a vegetarian. they will become a anchorite. a hermit. or societal outcast ( 155 ) . Confronting state of affairss where people have to acknowledge to being a vegetarian can halt people from going vegetarians wholly. Hill adds that it is particularly a popular determination to remain omnivorous if the individual has to travel to many excursions at eating houses with clients or concern spouses. They may experience ashamed or shy to acknowledge that they are vegetarians. so they will merely remain meat feeders alternatively. An interesting spot of information that I found during my research was a list of noteworthy people who were vegetarians. Hill lists them ; they are people such as Leonardo district attorney Vinci. Isaac Newton. Voltaire. Benjamin Franklin. Henry David Thoreau. Leo Tolstoy. Thomas Edison. George Bernard Shaw. Albert Schweitzer. and Mahatma Gandhi ( xiv ) . Besides mentioned by Hill as vegetarians were ancient philosophers and authors such as Socrates. the male parent of ancient rationalism and humanitarianism ; Plato ; and Ovid ( xiv ) . When I read these names. it made me experience like I should go a vegetarian excessively because these people are such astonishing people in history. and going a vegetarian would do me experience like I am more noteworthy like them. If some of the biggest names in history were vegetarians. shouldn’t we take note and go vegetarians as good? Possibly. But I don’t think that I could of all time give up my meat for good. Bing a vegetarian means to give up all meat. and to non eat it systematically. Vegetarians may take to be so because of wellness grounds or for concerns for the intervention of animate beings. They may make up ones mind to take up vegetarianism to assist stop universe hungriness or for their faith. More merely. some people become vegetarians because they merely don’t like the gustatory sensation of meat. However. non-vegetarians decide against vegetarianism for wellness grounds as good. It may be safer and healthier for pregnant female parents to be omnivores and for their babes or yearlings to be omnivores as good. Many people choose to remain omnivores because they would wish to obtain all the vitamins a diet with meat brings. Others may be meat-eaters because it is inconvenient to be a vegetarian or to avoid societal state of affairss they don’t wish to face. After my research. I have concerns if vegetarians take vitamin addendums to provide all the vitamins they would acquire if they ate meat. if they are every bit effectual as the meat. I besides wonder if vegetarianism became more successful. how would a widespread engagement in vegetarianism affect the economic system of the United States? And eventually. how do vegetarians experience about the familial use of harvests? Plants Cited Anti-Vegetarian T-Shirt 156790. N. d. JPEG. Eshirts. com. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. Beardsworth. Alan. and Alan Bryman. Meat Consumption and Meat Avoidance Among Young Peoples: An 11-year Longitudinal Study. British Food Journal 106. 4 ( 2004 ) . 14 Oct. 2011. Web. Criag. Winston J. Health Effectss of Vegan Diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89. 5 ( May 2009 ) . 14 Oct. 2011. Web. Factory Farming. Dictionary. com’s twenty-first Century Lexicon. Dictionary. com. LLC. 09 Nov. 2011. Web. Foer. Jonathan Safran. Eating Animals. New York: Small. Brown. and Company. 2009. Print. Hill. John Lawrence. The Case for Vegetarianism. Maryland: Rowman A ; Littlefield Publishers. Inc. . 1996. Print. Iacobbo Karen. and Michael Iacobbo. Vegetarians and Vegans in America Today. Connecticut: Praeger. 2006. Print. Penney. Debra S. Nutritional Counseling for Vegetarians During Pregnancy and Lactation. SciVerse: Science Direct 53. 1 ( Jan. – Feb. 2008 ) : 31 Oct. 2011. Web. Planck. Nina. Death by Veganism. New York Times 21 May 2007. 31 October 2011. Web. Protein? N. d. JPEG. Vegetarian Fighters. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. To Meat or Not to Meat. Current Events 108. 16 ( 2009 ) : 7. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 14 Oct. 2011. Web.

Hip-Hop is Art

Hip-Hop is Art Free Online Research Papers Hip-hop music is known to be a value player to violence, drugs, and gangs. Through time people looked down on this music genre as degrading, and mindless sound. On the contrary, music has provided many forms of services to community, a way to express oneself, a motivational tool, and it influences many people to do better in their lives. Hip-hop should not be judged so harshly by its culture, the people who represent it, and the lyrics. Hip-hop itself gave people a genre to bond over and to communicate through. In the article, â€Å"Like Hip-Hop is Like No Other† Craig Watkins states that rap music â€Å"has remained, by and large, a defiantly â€Å"black† musical form. That does not mean that other ethnicities and nationalities have not embraced rap and fashioned it to speak to their own conditions† (63). Hip-hop has also broken down barriers between races. There are often open intelligent debates about who is the best rapper and why. Hip-hop allows many people to listen to someone they both like, and to meet on a common ground with each other. Even though people feud over the best rapper and can create animosity, does not mean it is bad. Hip-hop just like Rock has its setbacks. Many hip-hop artists have started outreach programs for the youth and their community. Such as Snoop Dogg and Nelly, both started a youth football team to keep kids off of the streets. Some artist fund different charity events, or even on a charity of their own. Russell Simmons has many scholarship opportunities for college students. Some artist may do it to get a good tax break, but what does it matter of their motivates if they are helping someone else? Also Kanye West was recognized by American Association of Endodontists the fifth best Black Celebrity Philanthropists of 2007. Kanye West also started the Kanye West Foundation in Chicago, IL in 2003. He hosted the inaugural benefit concert for his establishment that launched the foundations partnership with Strong American Schools. He is focused on helping Latino and African-American children stay in school and to get a suitable education through grade school, high school, and college. According to Wikipedia, Kanye West donated over 500,000 dollars to his foundation. He also appeared and participated in many fundraisers, benefit concerts, and community work that include the Hurricane Katrina Fundraiser, Kanye West Foundation, Millions More Movement, 100 Black Men of America, Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally and march, Nike runs, and a MTV special that shows firsthand Kanye West helping give young Iraq War veterans that struggle through debt a second chance after returning home. Kanye west is only one of many hip-hop artists that contribute to the community through their wallets and time. Many artist such as Diddy, Common, Nas and Young Jezzy, are into politics and promoting the youth to vote, or PSA. Diddy created a campaign to get the youth motivated to vote. Common uses his influenced voice to support the awareness of HIV/AIDs, and promoting safe sex. Young Jezzy met with both Barock Obama and John McCain, they discussed their political views. Young Jezzy, alongside Nas, has created a song called â€Å"My President†, which discusses the United States issues, such as welfare, the recession, Katrina, and other issues. He shows that he support Senator Obama, and feel he is the change America needs. Nas shows his thought of Fox network promoting propaganda, and degrading minorities’ or middle class citizens, through his song â€Å"Sly Fox†. Some hip-hop artists show a level of intelligence through their music. Nas resent album â€Å"Untitled†, also known as â€Å"Nigger† is controversial, but expels the misleading uses of the word. His album explains that the word means ignorant. Than explains that people are ignorant therefore, they are niggers. His album breaks into racism and tries to take a hated word of power and diminishes it. Then goes on to explain, that African-American, low income Caucasian, Latinos, and other lower class citizens are niggers. In his song, â€Å"We’re Not Alone,† Nas says, â€Å"†¦I think it just recent; where everybody just started to feel like there was an elite group that runs everything, and everybody else was sheep ignorant making all ethnicities colors and creeds niggers blind to what really is going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although this is his opinion he is showing a level of intelligence and not dancing, or rooting the youth mind with nonsense. His music allo ws people to think, and gives people a topic to debate. Kanye may not be a promising person to motivate someone through college, but he does fell you need high school, and he feels that you must follow your heart to succeed. He taught the youth that dreams can come true if you work hard and put forth they’re best effort. Lil Wayne went back to school to obtain a degree, and yet he makes more than six figures yearly. Many hip-hop artist value education, and promote it through their music. Hip-hop is an art, and like any art the music expresses the artist. According to Craig Watkins, â€Å"Perhaps unlike any other form of popular culture in recent memory, hip-hop has become the voice of choice for young people who find themselves on the margins† (63). When people are stress, depressed, angry, or lonesome they write their feeling to a piece of paper. A lot of artists explain their old life through their songs, or speck of someone they want to be or who they are. Even if their life has a bad influence on others, it stills their life. Who are we to dictate their life; there are many nude pictures in a museum. The news show gross stories of death and hate around the world. The lyrics behind the music paint a story strong enough to see and feel. It take skills to rhyme a story of someone life over a beat, while maintaining a sincere feeling. Hip-hop lyrics come off strong and are full of metaphors and similes. Although the lyrics may not be child friendly, but some children hear their parents curse as away to reveal their feelings. The artist is cursing in the same manner. If it was such a problem parents need to use their authority over their kids and tell them not to listen to it. Some of the male lyrics degrade woman, which is frowned upon by feminist, mothers, daughters, fathers alike. This may seem wrong to you, but to them it is their life experiences and what they do. Woman that dance sexually in hip-hop videos are there on their chose and is not force to be there. Some female artists degrade man talking down on them, having them dance half-naked in music videos. Why is this not equally as wrong as a woman being degraded? Woman will like fair treatment equal to man, therefore female artist deserve the same anger male artist get. The lingo used in hip-hop is another language for the artist, or listeners to express themselves. It is a way to make conversation fun and interesting. Also during slavery Africans’ separate languages were striped from them and forced to learn English. Creating slang allowed African- American to reach back to their roots. Hip-hop clothing gave people a variety of choices to be different, and to present themselves in a comfortable way. The why artist wear their clothes gave them an identity, just like rock roll artist, or even pop artist. The clothing market produces an abundant amount of revenue yearly. Nas states in his song â€Å"Y’all My Niggas†, â€Å"†¦so what if my pants sag with my hat turned back? The same swag got our merchandise flying off the rack Marketing companies is hiring blacks Fresh hip-hop lingo for your campaign ads†. His boss Jay-z, owner of Roca-Fella and clothing line, markets most of his revenue from hip-hop artist, clothing, and his share in the New York Jets. Some people feel are clothes are too baggy, sloppy, and just ugly. Some people fell to remember in their childhood their style of clothes were looked at the same way. Hip-hop is misunderstood by many people, which I personally feel is wrong. Before judgments should be passed the research needs to be done. These artists made many community attributions. The genre is a lot deeper than what it may seem. That is why hip-hop should not be judged so harshly by its culture, the people who represent it, and the lyrics. Jones, Nasir. Were Not Alone. Untitled. Roca-Fella , 2008. Jones, Nasir. Y’ll My Niggas. Untitled. Roca-Fella , 2008. Watkins, S. Craig. Why Hip-Hop Is Like No Other. Unknown (2005): 63. Wekipedi . novermber 2008. 20 november 2008 . Research Papers on Hip-Hop is Art Where Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentThe Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTrailblazing by Eric AndersonAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

HUMAN RESOURCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE - Essay Example It is far too easy to hide discriminatory practices when subjective measures are used. Affirmative action was certainly needed to right the wrongs committed prior to the Civil Rights Era. Quotas, set-asides, and racial balance can only be justified in this context. In the wake of the Jim Crow Era, the American people did not have the patience to let racism die a slow death over several generations. Allowing subtle forms of racism to persist may have prolonged discriminatory practices indefinitely. While there are still people that maintain bigoted ways of thinking, I think we have come to a point were affirmative action does more harm than good. However, the only way to know for sure would be to end affirmative action and to monitor the consequences. It is perhaps for this reason that the Supreme Court has chosen to err on the side of caution and allow some affirmative action policies to be maintained for at least the next 25 years. The blatant use of quotas has been struck down, but this hasnt protected corporations and institutions from lawsuits. Just as the prohibition of discrimination has resulted in more subtle forms of discrimination, the prohibition of quotas has resulted in more subtle forms of affirmative action. Quotas will not go away until racial imbalance cannot be used as evidence of discrimination. The problem with quotas is that racial imbalance is not just the product of discrimination. There are other confounding variables aside from race. It has become apparent that socioeconomic status is a better predictor of academic aptitude. Although there are correlations between socioeconomic status and race, it is not right to perpetuate a system where performance is not rewarded. The initial effect of affirmative action was to challenge bigoted ways of thinking. Now that those deeply ingrained beliefs have been challenged and adjusted to reality, the persistence

AIC Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIC - Case Study Example In contrast, AIC systems total volume is lower than Taiwanese rivals elite group Company systems, MSI, and ASUS. However, the companies’ relentless effort on the management of costs enables it to scale high as it labels as a competitive source. Consequently, by the year 2000, AIC structures had evolved into original design manufacturer (ODM). Based on ODM, the company took the vigorous role by innovating and developing new generation components. Additionally, the company participated in house design and development work, which advanced its operations to foster more exclusively establishing long-term relationships with its customers across the planet. In the year, 2007, AIC embarked on a new strategy, diversifying its products portfolio with the inclusion of consumer electronics focusing on mobile technology. Based on the development of technology and AIC company advancement, most hardware has become a commodity with mobile technology taking several forms including ultra-portable laptops called netbooks, mobile phone Laden that have variable arrays and traditional laptops(Wheelwright & Yong 2). The assembly line of QuiN design required refinement, and this made initial orders unpredictable. Wheelwright & Yong (4) argue that the development of full-scale production of the QuiN 816 was frantic. Moreover, promotion of QuiN netbook generated significant publicity as it created an unexpected spike in the production demands. This created lumpy orders of the QuiN netbook and later developed the little need and received an unexpected order for numerous thousand units within a short notice. However, the solution needs to focus on getting new assembly line that is operational. Additionally, QuiN 816 needs to review its operations and identify ways of improving the productivity of the existing capacity. Chen focused on assembling line process for QuiN 816 network. Moreover, by working closely with

HOW THE WORLD TRADE CENTER SITE IN NEW YOURK CITY IS NOW AND Essay

HOW THE WORLD TRADE CENTER SITE IN NEW YOURK CITY IS NOW AND 'IMGAGINARY PLACE - Essay Example places: sites associated with emergence and migration tales; sites of trails and pilgrimage routes; places essential to cultural survival; alters; vision quest sites; ceremonial dance sites; ancestral ruins; petroglyphs and pictographs; or burial and massacre sites) DESCRIBE HOW THE WORLD TRADE CENTER SITE IN NEW YOURK CITY IS NOW AND IMAGINARY PLACE". Is this important for 21sat century Americans? Why or why now? The continuous development of technology has led to the change of social and cultural structure in most countries within the international community. The format of infrastructure systems in states around the world has been also influenced; the urban design has been differentiated in order to meet the needs of people in current social and ethical conditions. Under these terms, sciences like sociology and even mythology have been called to explain the changes in all aspects of human life trying to identify the reasons that led to the deterioration of the quality of life especially in big cities worldwide. Current paper focuses on the examination of the characteristics of a specific place: the World Trade Center in New York. The above term (characteristics) refers to the influences of this place on the lives of people – not only locally but also around the world. In the past, the specific place was considered to be the center of commercial activities in the specific town influen cing the development of commerce in USA; the reason was that the headquarters of many – well known firms were established in the specific buildings – two towers, the so called ‘Twin Towers’ and five smaller buildings. The specific site was destroyed in 2001 after a terrorist attack costing the life of about 2750 people. Currently the World Trade Center site is under re-construction but it will take many years for the local community to recover. The effects of the events of September the 11th – date of terrorist attacks that destroyed entirely the specific site – have

Investment in the Indian Education Sector Essay Example for Free

Investment in the Indian Education Sector Essay Education is the key to unlocking and building lasting value in a robust economy. For any country to grow and prosper, a well-positioned educated young population is the fundamental requirement to meet the demands of an increasingly global economy and productive value creation. India has amongst the largest student population in the world and a low literacy level of 74. 04% (2011)1. According to census 2011 figures, over 35. 3% of the 1. 21 billion people are between the age group 0-14 years. Additionally, there is shortage of employable manpower in various industry segments. In order to meet this existing and emergent demand, there is huge need of investments in the Indian education sector. Currently, education is primarily handled by the government through its infrastructure and budget outlays. But given the small budget outlays and complex regulatory structure, supply is lagging far behind the demand of education. Expenditure on Education as %age of GDP 6000 GDP in thousnad Crores 5000 3. 64 4000 3000 3. 36 2000 1000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2,098 2,261 2,538 2,878 3,282 3,779 3. 51 3. 45 4,321 4,933 3. 81 3. 74 3. 80 3. 70 3. 60 3. 50 3. 40 % expendutire on education 3. 78 3. 78 3. 90 3. 30 3. 20 3. 10 Source: Ministry of Human resource and Development (MHRD), Government of India REGULATION India’s tightly controlled regulatory structure is the primary reason for shortage of quality education institutions. Being in â€Å"Concurrent list†, education is being governed by both Central and State government with huge variations amongst the state regulations. Currently, the government regulates who you can teach, what you can teach them and what you can charge them. Some of the key bodies regulating education in India are:? Schooling o Department of School Education and Literacy MHRD o Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) o Various State Boards o National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) 1 Census of India, 2011 Page 3 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector ? Higher Education o Department of Higher Education MHRD o University Grants Commission( UGC) o All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) o Statutory Councils ? Medical Council of India (MCI) ? Bar Council of India (BCI) ? National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) Voluntary Education and Skill Development o National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) o National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) ? In order to overcome this overlapping nature of various governing bodies especially in higher education, government is planning to come up with National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER). This commission would work as a single regulatory body which would determine, co-ordinate and maintain standards in promotion of higher education and research. It will subsume regulatory bodies such as UGC, NCTE and AICTE, thus making the process more streamlined. KEY POLICY/ACT ? Foreign Educational Institutions(FEIs) o Allows FEIs to setup multi-disciplinary campuses and award degrees o Mandates FEIs to reinvest surplus from Indian operations o Mandates FEIs to invest at least 51% of capital expenditure required o Regulates the admission process, fee structure, period of operation of FEIs Right to Education o Makes access to primary education a fundamental right o Mandates 25% reservation for underprivileged students in schools? BUDGET 2011 HIGHLIGHTS ? ? ? ? ? Allocated an amount of Rs 52,057 Crores for universalizing access to secondary education Allocated an amount of Rs 21,000 Crores for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Increased the total allocation by 24% over the previous year Lack in allocation of funds for Teacher improvement and training Lacked emphasis on the K-12 sector in terms of school improvement, quality control etc. EDUCATION IN INDIA Indian education sector has witnessed a series of changes in the last few years, which resulted in a significant increase in market size of the education industry. With economic growth and enhanced technology it has become necessary to develop the Indian education sector. Funds are a major concern in the market to meet this demand. The government has taken many initiatives for the development of education infrastructure which needs to be supplemented led by private players. The government has also opened the doors for foreign universities by passing Foreign Educational Institution (Regulation of Entry and Operation) Bill, 2010, which will help in shaping the education industry structure specially pertaining of higher education in India. A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector About 185,000 Indians study overseas and spend USD 4 billion annually. This is almost 10% of the private spend on education, coming from a very small 0. 001% segment of the student population. A number of these students are now returning to India after completing their studies, as job markets in India are more attractive, especially in contrast to weak macro scenarios in the western markets. Entry of leading foreign institutions will enable some of this USD 4 billion spend to stay in India, and also provide a much needed boost to quality. STRUCTURE Indian education system can be divided into formal and informal segments which are further divided into sub-segments. Formal education segment broadly comprises schools and higher education institutes. Schools often classified as K-12(Kindergarten to 12th) caters to ‘3-17 years’ age group. While higher education includes graduate, diploma, professional and post-graduation courses caters to ’18-22 years’ and above age group. On the other hand, informal education segment comprises of preschools, multimedia, ICT, vocational training, books and coaching classes. This segment is free from regulation as opposed to highly regulated formal education segment. Schools (K-12) Formal Higher Education Preschools Indian Education System Multimedia ICT Non-formal Vocational training Books Coaching classes Page 5 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS India is home to several well acclaimed International Schools and is increasing rapidly. This demand has been fuelled by parents looking for a new system of education which is more interesting and less stressful. Also, large number of NRIs resettling in India is also contributing to this demand. Being in India these schools have to adhere to certain requirements of the Indian national system irrespective of the examination system adopted by them. Most of the international schools opt for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Board. However, there are other examination systems like the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and General Certificate of Education (GCE) examination systems which are also present. The IB is a recognized leader in the field of international education. It is a non-profit, mission-driven foundation that offers three programs for students aged 3 to 19. ? ? ? Primary Years Programme (PYP) Middle Years Programme (MYP) Diploma Programme -For students aged 3 to 12 -For students aged 11 to 16 -For students aged 16 to 19 In India, most international schools offer IB Diploma Programme. In this students study six courses at higher level or standard level. Students must choose one subject from each of groups 1 to 5, thus ensuring breadth of experience in languages, social studies, experimental sciences and mathematics. The sixth subject may be an arts subject chosen from group 6, or the student may choose another subject from groups 1 to 5. Additionally, the programme has three core requirements that are included to broaden the educational experience and challenge students to apply their knowledge and understanding. The â€Å"extended essay† is a requirement for students to engage in independent research through an in-depth study of a question relating to one of the subjects they are studying. â€Å"Theory of knowledge† is a course designed to encourage each student to reflect on the nature of knowledge by critically examining different ways of knowing (perception, emotion, language and reason) and different kinds of knowledge (scientific, artistic, mathematical and historical). â€Å"Creativity, action, service† requires that students actively learn from the experience of doing real tasks beyond the classroom. Students can combine all three components or do activities related to each one of them separately. Some of the International Schools in India:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Aditya Birla World Academy-Mumbai American Embassy School- New Delhi Amity Global School-New Delhi D Y Patil International School-Mumbai and Nagpur Dhirubhai Ambani International SchoolMumbai GD Goenka World School-Gurgoan Indus International School-Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune KiiT International School-Bhubaneswar Pathways School-Gurgoan, Noida and NewDelhi Stonehill International School-Bangalore Sharad Pawar International School-Pune Doon School -Dehradun Page 6 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS SEGMENTS BASED ON KEY PARAMETERS. Growth Prospect Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Regulated No Yes Yes No No No No No Scalable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Possibility to Create Value Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Preschool Schools(K-12) Higher Education Multimedia ICT Coaching Classes Vocational Training Books GROWTH DRIVERS ? ? Demographic advantage o As per Census 2011 ,35. 3% of the Indian population is under the age of 14 Increasing awareness o Increase in awareness towards education as a priority and essential tool for career growth o Increase in job opportunities and salaries offered making investment in education prudent Human Resource driven economy o Increase in  the demand for an educated skilled workforce by services sector o Share of service sector in GDP increased from 30% in 1950 to 55% in 2007. Technology aided delivery o Increase in penetration of technology resulting in virtual learning and education delivery New employment avenues o Newer employment avenues such as KPO, LPO, retail, aviation, animation etc. demanding highly skilled manpower ? ? ? INDUSTRY FORECAST SCHOOLING. Segment Pre-School K-12 Tutorial Books Stationery Education CD-ROMs Multimedia in School Total 2008 1,200 21,000 5,000 1,700 1,380 120 25 30,425 CAGR 20%-25% 5%-10% 8%-13% 5%-10% 5%-10% 25%-30% 60%-70% 2013 3,500 30,800 8,000 2,400 2,000 390 320 47,410 CAGR 10%-15% 5%-10% 5%-10% 3%-8% 3%-8% 20%-25% 50%-60% 2018 5,800 43,200 11,800 3,000 2,600 1,100 3,300 70,800 (Figures in USD million) Page 7 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector HIGHER EDUCATION. Segment Higher Education Preparatory Total 2008 6,700 1,600 30,425 CAGR 8%-13% 13%-18% 2013 11,200 3,200 47,410 CAGR 7%-12% 10%-15% 2018 18,100 5,900 70,800 (Figures in USD million) VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT Segment Child skill enhancement IT training E-learning Finishing school Vocational Teacher training Total 2008 740 195 45 25 1,500 15 2,520 CAGR 20%-25% 35%-45% 35%-45% 50%-60% 15%-20% 50%-60% 2013 2,200 1,050 240 235 3,100 140 6,965 CAGR 17%-22% 33%-38% 33%-38% 45%-55% 10%-15% 45%-55% 2018 5,600 4,700 1,100 1,800 6,200 1,100 20,500 (Figures in USD million) Source: Technopak report on India Education Sector INVESTMENT SCENARIO With an education network of more than one million schools and 20,000 higher-education institutes, the market size of the Indian education system is estimated at more than US$40 billion2 (2009). However, inadequate infrastructure has placed pressure on the sector’s overall development. Education sector is unable to cope with growing market demand and global competition due to constrained investments. Increased private investment is imperative to expand infrastructure and provide greater access to quality education. Also, Government is planning to set up an education ? nance corporation with an investment of around US$4–5 billion, which aims to provide the education sector with long-term, low-cost ? nancing. PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PPP can provide the much needed finance to the education sector while serving as an efficient operating model. Establishing strong partnerships between private and public sector can achieve the growth. POSSIBLE PPP STRUCTURE The educational institute (special purpose vehicle) is set up as a Society or Trust, as per applicable guidelines. The UGC, AICTE or some other central regulatory body approves norms and standards of the institute. The state provides applicable administrative and financial support to the institute. Capital outlays are met by an educational services entity which 2 EY’s Private Equity Round Up April-June 2010 Page 8 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector provides infrastructure. The educational services entity charges a fee for use of facilities by the Society or Trust. Finally, the infrastructure facilities are transferred to the institute after a particular time period. Central Government State Government AICTE, UGC approvals Provision of grants Local approvals Land and utilities Trust/Society Service fees Infrastructure Service Provider Transfer of Infrastructure after prescribed time period Source:-2009 E Y – EDGE 2009 report on Private Enterprise in Indian Higher Education KEY PLAYERS GLOBAL ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Apollo Group (USA) Mcgraw-Hill (USA) Pearson Plc (England) Benesse Corp (Japan) Devry Inc (USA) ITT Educational (USA) Strayer Education (USA) New Oriental (China) Career Education (USA) Corinthian College (USA) Capella Education (USA) Raffles Education ( Singapore) Mega Study ( South Korea) SkillSoft ( USA) Page 9 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector INDIA FORMAL ? ? Preschool o Kidzee o Euro Kids Multimedia in private schools o Educomp o Everonn o NIIT Vocational Training o NIIT o Aptech o Frank Finn Coaching Classes o FIIT-JEE o TIME o Career Launcher Books o Tata Mcgraw Hill o John Wiley o Navneet Publications ? INFORMAL K -12 (School) o Millennium Schools (Part of EduComp) o Kids Zee High o Billabong High (Part of Kangaroo Kids) o GEMS ( Dubai based) Higher Education o Manipal Education o Amity o IIPM o ICFAI ? ? ? ? MAJOR DEALS INVESTMENTS ? ? ? ? Rs10 billion investment plan from educational institutes in Haryana’s Rajiv Gandhi Educational City ( January’11) RS 28. 08 billion investment for setting up 20 IIITs under PPP route ( January’11) Everonn Rs 36 billion investment plan to setup 300 K-12 schools by 2015 (July’10) Educomp Rs 510 million contract to provide computer education in Bihar’s schools (May’10). PRIVATE EQUITY DEALS Education sector has witnessed 29 PE deals (refer Exhibit 1), cumulatively worth US$381 million, between January 2006 and June 2010 (as per Private equity roundup April-June 2010 by Ernst and Young). The majority of these investments have been in for-pro? t corporate entities that are not subjected to any government regulations. In future, with increased government spending and expansion plans of private players, the potential for PE investments in the Indian education sector is significant. Additionally, sector’s less correlation with the broad economic growth makes it more attractive. Page 10 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector SEGEMENT WISE BREAKUP OF PE INVESTMENTS IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF DEALS 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 Vocational Preschool K12 Education technology 4 College/University 3 Coaching 2006 2007 2008 Number of Deals 2009 2010 SEGMENT WISE BREAKUP OF PE INVESTMENTS IN TERMS OF DEAL VALUE 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2006 2007 83 30 74 1 2008 43 2009 2010 12 13 10 37 5 9 23 Vocational 39 Preschool K12 Education technology College/University Coaching 67. Deal Value ( US$ million) Sources: Asian Venture Capital Journal; Dow Jones Factiva; ISI Emerging Market MAJOR ISSUES ? ? ? ? ? Overregulated and under- governed Not for profit structure and all surplus needs to be reinvested High involvement of politicians in higher education industry with no willingness to change the existing structure High land prices and hoarding of land reserved for educational purposes for resale Fragmentation in the sector due to difficulties in achieving scale Page 11 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector.