Financial Analysis of Tesco free essay sample

This paper features distinctive monetary parts of TESCO Ltd. Organization. It recognizes various wellsprings of account for the organization. A review of various monetary proportions which speak to liquidity, productivity and execution of the organization. At that point a venture examination has been created for TESCO for additional development, improvement and extension of the business. Chapter by chapter list Abstract:2 Introduction:4 Sources of Finance:5 Internal Resources:5 External Sources:6 Recommendations:8 INVESTMENT APPRAISAL:10 Post Completion Review (PCR):10 Methods of Investment Appraisal11 Ratio Analysis:13 Profitability Ratios:13 Return on Assets:15 Efficiency Ratios:17 Liquidity Ratios:20 Quick Ratio:21 Stability Ratios:22 References:23 Introduction: TESCO was established by Mr. Jack Cohen in 1919, when he started to sell surplus staple goods from a slow down in the East End of London. It’s first own image item was TESCO Tea and its first store was Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. In 1932 TESCO stores turned into a private restricted organization. First current food distribution center was presented by TESCO in 1934. In most recent ten years, coming up next are the significant achievements of TESCO. †¢ Tesco. com was propelled and in this was it got on the web. †¢ TESCO became driving natural retailer in the UK. †¢ TESCO propelled ‘Customer Champions’ in its stores. †¢ It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in various sorts of business openings and with various items as per the neighborhood necessities. †¢ It turned out to be first significant British Super Market to enter music download advertise. †¢ It propelled Tesco Homeplus. The present technique of TESCO is to expand the business which was set down in 1997 and it has demonstrated the base of accomplishment for the business in UK as well as in numerous different markets and it had substantiated itself as a market head. Wellsprings of Finance: [pic] Internal Resources: Retained Profit: Retained benefit is the measure of benefit or profit which isn't disseminated to the investors however held for the some new venture/venture that way. So as opposed to going to banks or some other outside wellspring of account, for the most part associations like to use held benefit. Table and chart indicating held income from 2008 to Feb. 2010 [pic] Sale of fixed resources: Sale of fixed resources which are not any more required in the association because of the substitution of new innovation can be a wellspring of fund also so it would be a reasonable choice that as opposed to paying expense to keep up and stock such fixed resources, those advantages ought to be sold and money ought to be acquired. Outside Sources: Bank Overdraft: When a record arrives at zero, and still, after all that the organization can pull back the cash from the record, this is called overdraft (Sayer 2007). This office is significant for the organization as now and then it might need to utilize this office dire to achieve some exchange. HP/Leasing: According to Sayer (2007), â€Å"An understanding in which one gathering increases a drawn out tenant contract and the other party gets a type of made sure about long haul obligation. † The organizations like to rent the expensive hardware typically as opposed to buying it. The organization pays the lease of the rented thing according to terms and conditions while the renting organizations keeps up the things and as a rule supplant at whatever point there is some issue. Exchange Credit: â€Å"Trade credit is a plan between organizations to purchase products or administrations on account, that is, without making prompt money payment† (Atrill and McLaney 1995). It is the most effortless and snappiest approach to defer the installment with no sort of intrigue. Exchange credit is the fundamental and premier need of each business. Credits: Loan the measure of cash which is acquired from the budgetary establishment to begin another business or start some new ventures or items in the current business. As a rule in the wake of paying the enthusiasm on credit, charge is paid, so a few associations like to take advance as opposed to using the held profit for the business necessities. Before giving advance the monetary establishment consistently check the accounting report of the association to assess the strength and validity of the business. This is normally done by business investigators. Debentures: â€Å"A debenture is an unbound bond. Basically, it is a bond that isn't sponsored by a physical resource or collateral† (Ennew and Waite 2007). Debentures might be convertible or non-convertible. Convertible debentures permit the holder to trade the debenture for the company’s shares while non convertible debentures can never be changed over into company’s stock. Regularly the loan fee of non convertible debentures is higher than convertible debentures. Inclination shares: There are two primary attributes of inclination shares which make them unique in relation to regular stock: I) The holders of favored stock are given inclination in the dissemination of profit. ii) They don’t have the force or option to cast a ballot. Inclination offers can be changed over into normal stock. Proposals: As we take a gander at the monetary record of TESCO and concentrating on momentary outside wellsprings of account, we come to realize that present liabilities which are in reality transient wellsprings of fund are exchange and their payables, borrowings, subsidiary money related instruments and different liabilities, client stores and stores by banks. From the qualities clearly the present liabilities are expanded from 2008 to Feb. 2010 contrarily. The most significant factor is that they have negative current liabilities. Net current liabilities are appeared by the accompanying table and graph. |2008 (? ) |2009(? m) |Feb Feb. 2010(? m) | |(4045) |(4116) |(4250) | Table: Net Current Liabilities [pic] Graph demonstrating Short Term Liabilities of TESCO Long Term Liabilities are the wellsprings of money which are required to pay by the business in long haul I. e. over one year. A few its models are Debentures, bank credits and home loans, investment and so forth. By breaking down the accounting report of TESCO it is seen that it has negative non-current liabilities like borrowings, subsidiary budgetary instruments and different liabilities in negative which is actually an uncommon pattern and show the quality of the business. By and large it has the accompanying complete non-current or long haul liabilities. |2008 (? m) |2009(? m) |Feb. 2010(? m) | |(7,946) |(15063) |(15,327) | Table demonstrating absolute non-current liabilities [pic] Graph indicating complete non-current obligation for a long time From the examination of current and non current liabilities of TESCO it is a lot of clear that the organization is in a solid position. And yet they are passing up on the chance of using the liabilities, so it ought to extend the business by getting advances, as they have a great validity position and each monetary foundation would wish to be its loan boss. Venture APPRAISAL: At the point when the organizations are working out in a good way and they are in a solid position, they extend their business which is a decent choice. TESCO is likewise chipping away at similar lines; it has just extended its business to various nations. It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in various kinds of business openings and with various items as indicated by the neighborhood necessities. It is important to make a venture proposition. Six Stages of Project Appraisal: Venture Identification: First of all it is expected to distinguish the undertaking which will be the most beneficial and will likewise be least dangerous. Investors will clearly be concerned and intrigued uniquely with regards to that venture which gives them greatest profit for the speculation. Venture screening: it is the phase where recently speculated doable task assessed keeping in see all the parts of its execution, gainfulness and every single other issue. It is the fundamental choice stage for the best practical venture. Dissect Implication: In this stage it is assessed that the ramifications of the undertaking is possible or not. So it is totally analyzed and examined. Task Evaluation: This phase of the undertaking is increasingly worried about the results of the venture. It implies after the advancement of the task is finished what might be the results of the undertaking. It additionally clarifies that what might be the future possibilities. oo Accept or Reject: if the undertaking is plausible as far as cost, individuals and different assets and it would be advantageous for the organization, and afterward now the organization chooses to acknowledge it or reject. As at this stage it is smarter to dismiss a non attainable undertaking as opposed to contributing and squandering a lot of cash. Post Completion Review (PCR): According to Hirst and Kerrison (2009), â€Å"A post finishing audit is a procedure planned for surveying, ex post, the productivity and adequacy of a capital planning choice and of the administration of its execution. It depends on a correlation among arranged and genuine activities, expenses and asset use, results and advantages. † It incorporates the survey of all conjectures about business sectors, innovation, work force, condition, rivalry, cost of capital, and so forth cap were settled on during the dynamic time frame. It is the examination of suspicion and the genuine result and it is a progressing procedure through which associations improves.

How to Tell Your Parents Youre Failing a College Class

Step by step instructions to Tell Your Parents You're Failing a College Class Despite the fact that there are things you can do if youre bombing a school class-or regardless of whether youve as of now bombed it-breaking the news to your folks is a totally unique issue. Odds are, your folks are going to need to see your evaluations now and again (interpretation: each semester), particularly if theyre paying for your educational cost. Subsequently, bringing home a huge F most likely wasnt on your rundown of activities this semester. Given that nobody will be glad about the circumstance, as well as can be expected be a fundamental one: Be straightforward, be certain, and be earnest. Come clean with Your Parents About Your Grades Speak the truth about the evaluation. What's going on here? A D? A F? Its better to just have this discussion once. Mother, Im going to get a F in Organic Chemistry is path superior to Mom, I think Im not doing so well in Organic Chemistry followed a couple of moments later by Well, Ive bombed the majority of the tests followed by Yeah, Im almost certain Im getting a F yet Im not absolutely sure-yet. Now in your life, you without a doubt realize that guardians manage getting awful news that can improve later than getting kinda awful news that deteriorates later. So simply speak the truth about your evaluation. What's going on here? What some portion of the condition is your deficiency (not concentrating enough, investing an excessive amount of energy mingling, and so on.)? Own up to the circumstance and the obligation. Trustworthiness might be somewhat awkward, yet it is without a doubt the best strategy in circumstances like this. Reveal to Your Parents How You Plan to Move Forward Present the circumstance as genuine yet additionally as a development and learning open door for you. Alright, so you bombed a class. What did you realize? That you have to deal with your time better? That you invested an excessive amount of energy simply spending time with individuals? That you have to take less units? That you should be less associated with clubs? That you have to curtail your work hours? Tell your folks what youre going to do any other way next semester with the goal that this wont happen once more. (Since truly, who needs to have this discussion once more?!) Mom, I bombed Organic Chemistry. Thinking back, I think this is on the grounds that I didnt invest enough energy in the lab/didnt balance my time well/was excessively occupied by all the pleasant things going on nearby, so next semester Im anticipating joining an examination gathering/utilizing a superior time the board framework/eliminating my co-curricular association. Furthermore, let your folks recognize what your alternatives are in as positive a light as could reasonably be expected. They no doubt will need to know, What does this mean? It is safe to say that you are on scholastic probation? Ready to stay aware of your different courses? Not ready to remain in your major? Be set up for how you can push ahead. Tell your folks what your scholastic circumstance is. Converse with your consultant about what your choices are. Mother, I bombed Organic Chemistry, however I conversed with my counsel since I realized I was battling. We will probably have me attempt it once again next semesterâ when its offered, yet this time Ill join an examination gathering and go to the coaching place in any event once per week. Be Sincere About Your Next Steps You may think youre a truly decent liar, however guardians can smell unscrupulousness from a mile away. You know it, and they know. So be earnest about what youre saying to them. Did you simply goof up and gain proficiency with an exercise about the fact that it is so essential to go to class? At that point disclose to them that as opposed to attempting to accuse a terrible educator or lab accomplice. Likewise, be true about where youre going from here. On the off chance that you dont know, that is alright, also as long as youre investigating your alternatives. On the other hand, be true when you tune in to what they need to state. They arent prone to be cheerful about your bombed class, yet they likely have your wellbeing on a fundamental level.

Habits to Stop If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder

Habits to Stop If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Bad Habits to Break If You Have Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 05, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 14, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend Images/Getty Images If you have social anxiety disorder (SAD), you likely engage in behaviors that can actually harm your treatment and make your anxiety even worse. By becoming aware of these actions and working to stop them, you can help yourself get on the path to recovery. Stop Avoiding Avoidance can come in many forms. Perhaps you drink at parties to get through the night. Maybe you read speeches word for word or avoid eye contact when you talk to people. There are many forms of avoidance, some of which are so subtle you might not even realize that is what they are. Avoidance only makes anxiety worse in the long run because you never have to truly handle the situation at hand. Stop Thinking Negatively Negative thinking is at the root of social anxiety. Some of the most effective treatments for SAD, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are based on changing and working through negative thought processes. If you dont know where to start, consider keeping a thought diary to gain a better sense of how often you think negatively. How to Change Your Negative Thought Patterns When You Have SAD Stop Putting off Getting Help If you have not been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, it is time to reach out for help. Although it will be difficult to take that first step, it will be one that will change your life. A good place to start is by describing your situation to your family doctor. If you feel like your social anxiety is holding you back from even doing that, write out a case history and present the written report in the appointment. Getting Help for Social Anxiety Disorder Stop Thinking That There Is No Hope Perhaps you feel as though medication is too risky or that therapy wont work. What have you got to lose? There are established effective treatments for SAD and you owe it to yourself to give them a try. Stop Comparing Yourself to Others Comparing yourself to others only makes you feel good when you are doing better than everyone else. There will always be someone who is more confident, more socially adept, or who has a larger circle of friends. Instead of comparing yourself to others, start trying to improve yourself. The yardstick of your success is how you are doing now compared to one year ago. Not how you compare to everyone else. Stop Feeling Like You Cant Change Maybe you feel as though you were dealt a genetically bad hand. Maybe you think you are just too old to be helped. Whatever your reason for thinking you cant change, put it to rest. Learn to change the things you can, and accept those that you cant. You can improve your social skills with practice. You can become more comfortable in situations with proper exposure. There is always room for change. Stop Predicting Failure Stop thinking about what you dont want to happen. Instead, start thinking about what you do want to happen. The surest way to ensure failure is to expect it. If you have an upcoming speech, visualize yourself as a confident speaker. If you are going to a party, imagine being the social butterfly. They might not happen, but at least you have given yourself a chance. Predicting failure is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Stop Missing out on Opportunities Have you passed up a job promotion, dropped a college class or simply not been out of the house in weeks? If so, you are letting your social anxiety create missed opportunities in your life. You are more likely to regret the things that you didnt do or try than the mistakes you made. Vow not to let social anxiety stop you from getting what you want out of life. Stop Keeping It a Secret With social anxiety comes a lot of shame. Your worst fear is that other people will find out just how anxious you are in social situations. Why not start simply being honest? You dont have to come right out and tell perfect strangers that you suffer from severe social anxiety, but you can start small and mention to those closest to you that certain situations make you anxious. Over time, you might even become comfortable enough to share your whole story. How to Cope With Stigma About Social Anxiety Stop Thinking That You Are Alone One of the problems with being socially anxious is that you tend to spend less time talking with others and learning that they have problems too. It may seem that everyone else is always confident in social situations, but they are not. There are also a lot of people struggling with the very same issues as you. Visit message boards or read other peoples stories of social anxiety to reinforce the fact that you are not alone.

The Difficulty Of Giving Up On Own Country - 1251 Words

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Drugs in Society Study Guide Essay - 4299 Words

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Media in Today’s Life Free Essays

In the last 400 years of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th  century and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such a large scale based on the principle of â€Å"create once, publish many. † Media today encompasses  print  media- newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. ;  electronic  media-radio, television, telephony and the internet; and  entertainment  media- films and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Media in Today’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has made the idea of a â€Å"global village† a reality, has brought about the true realization of the freedom of speech and has helped in spreading education, health and equality. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen being at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But together with the aforementioned beneficial effects of the spread of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well. Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called â€Å"Yellow journalism†), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information authenticity and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream of  inclusive  development. Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the country. Today All India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and telephone services. Even the spread of education through Distance Learning has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues. The â€Å"Latitude of Acceptance† has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has also been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society. Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The Founding Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, secular and democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the coming future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals. How to cite Media in Today’s Life, Papers

Time Traveling Essay Example For Students

Time Traveling Essay There are three working theories the Time Traveler developed upon his visit to the distant future. The first is the laziness of what human-kind has become. The second is the division between the classes, below ground and above it. The third is based on how human evolution had gone back to its starting point. The glorification of technology is not the answer to the utopian life we all seek. The first theory of the laziness of human-kind is unfolding today. We grow more and more dependant upon machines to feed, clothe, bathe, groom, cure, and entertain our needs. We think we are in atechnologically superior times, but if one takes away electricity, we are back in the dark ages. The people of the year 802,700 lack any sense of drive or motivation due to not having any problems at all. The Eloi play everyday without a care in the world. The only element in their world that is problematic is the darkness the harbors the evil Morlocks. We will write a custom essay on Time Traveling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second theory about the future is of the division of the classes. He believes that in the future the people of the earth separated into below ground and above ground states of living. The working class lived deep inside the earth much like in the movie Metropolis, while the owners lived above ground free to live life to its fullest. It is from this working hypothesis that the future developed this way, thus labeling the Morlocks as working class and the Eloi as the owners. Thousands of years of a divided society could conceivably result from this. The final theory is how evolution has come back upon itself. The Morlocks ate the Eloi. The Time Traveler saw how humans grew lazy from having no challenges/problems. At some point, there probably was a time when the classes went below and above ground, but they all grew so dependant upon the machines to take care of their world that commerce and politics became obsolete. Then when the machines could not feed them(Morlocks) anymore, they turned to what is most primal in all of us, the means to survive via eating whatever(Eloi) is around. In a way, corporations devour or prey upon the weak whether it be through Marketing or Sales. Corporations survive off of peoples money, and they will get it from normal trade or scamming people who seem venerable like Senior Citizens. The future seems to be bleak through the eyes of the Time Traveler. The world is shaped by the fallen ruins of what seems to be a great utopian society. The irony is that once people are left with no work and no problems, they become lifeless and weak. They also take it another step to cannibalism when their mighty machines cannot do all the work for them. It is apparent that the world we live in is guided and measured by how our technology advances us. Technology is not an evil thing. It helps us cure new diseases, etc. Our development should not follow the theory of letting our technology surpass our humanity, but allowing our humanity to surpass our technology. .

adventures of huckleberry finn essays

adventures of huckleberry finn essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a renowned novel by Mark Twain, is the story of a young boy, who, in a desperate attempt to escape his abusive and poverty stricken home, escapes and seeks help with the Mississippi River, where he experiences many different trials. The novel was finally published in 1885, being written on spurts of inspiration interrupted by long periods during which it sat on the authors desk. Now it is published in at least twenty-seven languages. Samuel Clemens, the name that lies under the pen name of Mark Twain, was born in Missouri in 1835. The town where he lived, Hannibal, Missouri, became the model for St. Petersburg, the fictional town of Huckleberry Finn. Missouri was a slave state during this period, and his family owned a few slaves, who worked as domestic servants rather than working on the large agricultural plantations as most slaves in the deep South did. The institution of slavery is prominent in the development of the themes and characters of the novel. Twain received a brief formal education before going to work as an apprentice in a print shop. He later found work on a steamboat in the Mississippi River where he took his pseudonym, Mark Twain, from the call a steamboat worker would make when the ship reached two fathoms. He eventually went to work as a journalist and then as a humorist. Twain is also known to have written The Gilded Age (1873), The Prince and the Pauper (1882), Life on the Mississippi (1883 ), and Tom Sawyer (1876). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn outlines the different experiences and developing friendship of the novels two main characters, Huck and Jim. Huck, a young boy trying to escape from his life, and Jim, a black slave, wanting to escape from being sold to a farmer in the deep South, join together to sail on the Mississippi River to the Ohio River, which would lead to their freedom, but they miss it in the dark. Huck faces a moral dilemma ...

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles In a hybrid and other electric vehicles (EVs), two key elements work together to manage power and recharge the circuits. Here is how these critical components- the inverter and converter- work in tandem.   The Function of an Inverter Broadly speaking, an inverter  is an electrical device that converts electricity derived from a DC (Direct Current) source to AC (Alternating Current) of the type that can be  used to drive a device or appliance. In a solar power system, for example, the power stored by batteries charged by solar panels is converted to standard AC power by the inverter, which provides the power to plug-in outlets and other standard 120-volt devices.   An inverter serves the same kind of function in a hybrid or EV car, and the theory of operation is relatively simple. DC power, from a hybrid battery, for example, is fed to the primary winding in a transformer within the inverter housing. Through an electronic switch (generally a set of semiconductor transistors), the direction of the flow of current is continuously and regularly flip-flopped (the electrical charge travels into the primary winding, then abruptly reverses and flows back out). The in/outflow of electricity produces AC current in the transformers secondary winding circuit. Ultimately, this induced alternating current electricity provides power for an AC load- for example, an electric vehicles (EV) electric traction motor. A rectifier is a similar device to an inverter except that it does the opposite, converting AC power to DC power. The Function of a Converter More properly called a voltage converter, this electrical device actually changes the voltage (either AC or DC) of an electrical power source. There are two types of voltage converters: step up converters (which increases voltage) and step down  converters (which decreases voltage). The most common use of a converter is to a take relatively low voltage source and step-it-up to high voltage for heavy-duty work in a high power consumption load, but they can also be used in reverse to reduce voltage for a light load source. Inverter/Converter Tandem Units An inverter/converter is, as the name implies, one single unit that houses both an inverter and a converter. These are the devices that are used by both EVs and hybrids to manage their electric drive systems. Along with a built-in charge controller, the inverter/converter supplies current to the battery pack for recharging during regenerative braking, and it also provides electricity to the motor/generator for vehicle propulsion. Both hybrids and EVs use relatively low-voltage DC batteries (about 210 volts)  to keep the physical size down, but they also generally use highly efficient high voltage (about 650 volts) AC motor/generators. The inverter/converter unit choreographs how these divergent voltages and current types work together. Because of the use of transformers and semiconductors (and the accompanying resistance encountered), enormous amounts of heat are emitted by these devices. Adequate cooling and ventilation are paramount to keeping the components operational. For this reason,  inverter/converter installations in hybrid vehicles have their own dedicated cooling systems, complete  with pumps and radiators, that are entirely independent of the engines cooling system.

Design and Contemporary Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Design and Contemporary Culture - Essay Example In support of their ideologies, the authors present the case of the crisis of Victoria in British Columbia that saw the rise of teenage violence in the early 2000s. The authors explain how this violence and chaos were brought out as a social crisis in the state after years of hiding owing to the fear of tarnishing the city’s image. The authors also use other cases of youth violence and crime, as well as, the responses towards these situations, in support of their arguments regarding social construction of crises. In essence, the authors explain the role of the media in both, representing the real picture during crisis and its inability to grasp the intricacy of the truth of the crisis1. This first section of the article also explains what is to be covered in the next sections, and facilitates the comprehension of some of the ideas and concepts regarding social construction. Representation. Having introduced the story of youth violence in the first section of the article, Oâ₠¬â„¢Brien and Szeman examine the concept of representation as is relates to social construction. The term representation is defined as the social construction of meaning by use of sign systems2. ... Representation affects people’s thoughts and perceptions concerning certain events, hence its role in social construction. To, further, elucidate their ideas regarding representation, the authors also draw attention to the structuralist theories of representation, as well as, the rules of representation in social construction. As explained in the article, the structuralist theories of representation are focused on the indirect meanings of words and cultural practices, as opposed to, their direct meaning. Put simply, these theories put more emphasis on how words mean instead of what they mean4. O’Brien and Szeman provide the example of the semiotic theory in support of this, and they explain how this theory has had a major impact on culture. Essentially, the semiotics theory consists of two main elements including the langue and parole. The langue is what the authors refer to as the what the meaning is, where as the parole refers to how the meaning is presented. The lang ue is also associated with the system as a whole as existent on the abstract level, whereas, parole has been closely linked with individual utterances5. O’Brien and Szeman also discuss the rules of representation, and how their application in social construction. The authors explain the rules of representation are quite simple and they involve drawing the line between storytelling and the depiction of actual events. While these two principles may have a relation in social construction, the authors explain that the ability comprehend the role of these two elements in social construction is imperative. It provides individuals with the ability to draw out made up stories from actual realities. To support their argument, O’Brien and Szeman provide

STI and HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STI and HIV - Essay Example Nearly 88% of these people are in the sexually active and economically productive age group of 15 to 49 years (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). Therefore, most people living with HIV are in the prime of their working lives with many of them supporting families. The remaining 8% of the infected population are above 50 years and another 4% are children (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). The spread of HIV in India has been very uneven. Although the overall rate of infection in India has been very low, certain regions and certain population groups within the country have extremely high rate of infection. The infection rates are extremely high in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and the far north-east states of Manipur and Nagaland. Together these states account for 64% of the HIV burden in India (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 14). Prevalence Rates Overall the prevalence of HIV for adult males and females has shown a declining trend in the past five years. In 2006, it was 0.36% while in 2002 it was 0.45% in 2002 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). ... 2007). One of the major concerns regarding the epidemic of HIV in India is the increase seen in the proportion of infections among children and adults above 50 years. Among children, the prevalence of HIV was 3% in 2002 which increased to 4% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Similarly, the prevalence of the disease was 6% among adults above the age of 50 which has increased to 8% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Transmission route In India, nearly 88% of the transmission of STI/HIV happens through heterosexual contact (The World Bank 2008). Other routes of transmission include perinatal (4.7%), unsafe blood and blood products (1.7%), infected needles and syringes (1.8%) and other unspecified routes of transmission (4.1%) (The World Bank 2008). It is interesting to note that in the high prevalence southern states of India, STI/HIV has been found to spread primarily through heterosexual contact while in the high prevalence north-eastern states , the disease has been found to spread mainly among injecting drug users and sex workers (National AIDS Control Organization 2006). Researchers believe that the HIV epidemic in India has followed the ‘type 4’ pattern (The World Bank 2008). This is a pattern where new infections occur among the most vulnerable populations like the female sex workers, men who have sex with men or the injecting drug users. The infection then spreads to ‘bridge’ populations like the clients of sex workers or sexual partners of drug users and finally it enters the general population. Studies have revealed that long distance truck drivers and male migrant workers make up significant proportions of clients of sex workers (UNGASS 2008). In

John Stuart Mills Essay On Liberty -- John Stuart Mill On Liberty

John Stuart Mill's Essay On Liberty The main theme of on liberty was the individual. Everything else, society, education,government and so forth had their basis in the individuals rights to his own liberty. No one, no member of society, government, even God, if he appeared before an individual, could inforce his will upon him. That is not to say that you couldnt change someones mind through discussions, but instead, that no one had a right to force his views upon another. Your happiness is yours(individual) to enjoy without any infringements. Conversations between individuals or groups of individuals is essential in developing the notion of liberty. Mill claims that you should feel free to convey your views openly without forcing them onto others. After all, a man who learns from no one but himself has a fool for a teacher. There is however an exception to this rule. That is, if an individual in any way harms or comes onto anothers rights to liberty, or causes a social threat, hence he or she is subjected to forced inclinations by other members of society. For example, walking around nude on the streets of Cairo might be your cup of tea, alas, in Cairo they prefer coffee. In other words, if you offend other individuals, you are in fact infringing on their rights as free citizens who poses a sovereign mind. However if you choose to remain nude while in the comfort of your hotel room in Cairo, then there is no reason why you shouldn't....

Taco Bell: Reengineering

| | |[pic] | |Taco Bell- A Reengineering Success Story | |A Reengineering Success Story | | | | | | | Contents 1. About Taco Bell3 2. The Problem Starts3 3. Reengineering to the Rescue3 4. The After Effects6 About Taco Bell The franchise, Taco Bell is an eatery that needs no introduction. Taco Bell Corp. based in Irvine, California is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. , and the United States’ leading Mexican style quick-service restaurant. Taco Bell serves tacos, burritos signature Quesadillas, grilled stuft burritos, nachos, and other specialty items such as the Crunchwrap Supreme, in addition to a wide variety of Big Bell Value Menu items. Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion consumers each year in the more than 5,800 restaurants in the US. In 2005, Taco Bell generated sales of $1. 8 billion in company restaurants and $4. 4 billion in franchise restaurants. More than 80% of their restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees. There are currently more than 278 restaurants operating in Canada, Guam, Aruba, Dominican Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, Asia, Europe and the Philippines. The Problem Starts In 1983, analysis showed that the Taco Bell’s total cumulative growth since 1978 was a shocking negative 16% compared to a positive 6% of the total industry. This prompted the management to pinpoint immediately what was going wrong and where. This led them to identify the following factors: †¢ Lack of business vision for the company †¢ Reliance on obsolete management and operational practices, which focused more upon the processes rather than the customers themselves †¢ Top-down structure with multiple levels of management †¢ Following traditional approaches, which assumed what customers wanted without even asking them All the above factors were resulting in slower and costlier service. Having identified some of the key areas that needed improvement, Taco Bell started reengineering itself out of troubled waters. The more they listened, the more they found out that what customers wanted was very simple- good food, served fast and hot, in a clean environment and at a price they could afford. Reengineering to the Rescue The old system of operations at Taco Bell was based upon traditional operational practices, which were grossly insufficient for the economic and business climate of the 21st Century. This entire set-up was based upon certain assumptions, which include the following: †¢ Assuming that the restaurant knew what the customer wanted without even asking them. This led them to falsely believe that the customer wanted fancier decor, broader menus, outdoor playground etc. , instead of quality food at affordable prices. Investing in large kitchen areas, which in some instances covered over 70% of the total area in the mistaken belief that it would improve customer satisfaction †¢ Operating the restaurant along the lines of a manufacturing company rather than a retail outlet. Doin g away with this concept led to the development of novel ideas like K-Minus and TACO. †¢ Believing that the only segment they could target was the one within the restaurant’s premises. This translated into $78 million, whereas outside the restaurant, the total market came to about $600 billion in the USA alone. †¢ Limiting themselves to the goal of becoming a value leader in the quick-service restaurant industry rather than the value leader for all foods for all occasions. Reengineering the setup at Taco Bell involved several steps, including: †¢ Complete reorganization of human resources †¢ Dramatic redesign of operational systems †¢ Doing away with entire levels of management †¢ Creation of jobs like â€Å"market manager† †¢ Replacing area supervisors with market managers and reducing their numbers †¢ Eliminating district managers and promoting restaurant managers †¢ Reduction in the costs of everything about the business except the cost of the food and its packaging The management process was completely and dramatically reengineered–three layers were eliminated, including the entire â€Å"district manager† supervisory level. Every job in the system was redefined. Restaurant managers were given greater latitude to run their own businesses, and ultimately became â€Å"Restaurant General Managers. † In short, Taco Bell followed only one rule during the entire process of reengineering- â€Å"Enhance those things that bring value to the customer and change or eliminate those that don’t. † With this motto their corporate vision became clearer, â€Å"We want to be number one in the share of stomach[1]. † This was a vision of the company becoming a leader in the restaurant business and not just the Mexican food business was articulated. They also changed their restaurant structure by: †¢ Limiting kitchen area from 70% to 30% †¢ Increasing the customer area from 30% to 70% †¢ Doubling the seating capacity in the area available Additionally, reengineering led Taco Bell to introduce two new methodologies, namely K-Minus and TACO (Total Automation of Company Operations). [pic] Figure 2 Taco Bell’s two new methodologies K-Minus means kitchen less restaurant, based on the nature of the company. All of their food was cooked outside the restaurant in central locations. This stemmed from the concept that food should be retailed instead of manufactured. TACO (Total Automation of Company Operations) provides each restaurant with a Marketing Information System (MIS) and empowered the employees with computer know-how. It eliminated paper-work and allowed more time to be spent on customers. It helped keep track of sales minute by minute. Such programs served as agents of change for more innovative ideas such as new and varied points of distribution (like street corners and concessions stands) etc. This case study brings forth the following conclusions: Reengineering businesses is very much a reality and is not limited to the confines of a textbook. If done properly, it can virtually turn around any business; be it consumer goods (Kodak), restaurants (Taco Bell) or financial institutions (IBM Credit). The customer must be the starting point for all reengineering methods, concepts, ideas and processes. Resistance to change must be anticipated and appropriate steps must be taken to deal with it. Every company that seeks to be reengineered should seek a motto that makes its corporate vision clear, like that of Taco Bell. The After Effects These changes have had a huge impact on the company. Taco Bell went from a failing regional Mexican -American fast food chain with $500 million in sales in 1982, to a $3 billion national company 10 years later, with a goal to expand further to $20 million. While the environment was not a factor in Taco Bell's reengineering, it has benefited through the reengineering process. For example the TACO program (Total Automation of Company Operations) provides sophisticated MIS technology for all employees, saving thousands of hours of paperwork — and thus paper — as well as promoting self-sufficiency and reducing time spent on administration. The K-Minus program, or kitchenless restaurant, established a system where the large majority of food preparation occurs at central commissaries rather than in the restaurant, pushing 15 hours of work a day out of the restaurant, improving quality control and employee morale, reducing employee accidents and injuries, and resulting in substantial savings on utilities. The K-Minus program saves Taco Bell about $7 million a year. ———————– [1] The company introduced a new performance measurement called â€Å"the total share of stomach. † Instead of measuring success as market share of the fast-food market, Taco Bell set the goal of becoming the value leader for all foods for all meal occasioned. That created a broader vision and stimulated the development of new innovations.

Redesigned SAT Essay Prompts

Social Anxiety A Mental Health Problem - 1636 Words

Have you ever felt like you are overly nervous in social situations? Well if so, then you might have a mental disorder called social anxiety. Social anxiety could almost be a thing of the past unless a person chooses not to get treatment for it. There are many different treatments and skills to help reduce social anxiety by a ton. Social anxiety should not stop anybody from doing the things they love. So many other people have this disorder and do not want to get help because they do not want to admit they need help. There are multiple causes, effects, and treatment to clarify if someone has social anxiety. During the road to recovery, it may not be as easy as it seems, but people should always remember to keep their head up. Social†¦show more content†¦1). Although stress can help motivate people to do their homework, it could also cause anxiety if it is severe enough(Kahn para. 1). There is no exact cause of social anxiety, but scientists think it is environmental and genetic factors combined(Higuera para. 4). Some conditions that can cause people to have social anxiety are worrying about being judged, being the center of attention, being in situations with strangers, and avoiding talking to people because they feel like they are going to be embarrassed(â€Å"Social† para. 5). Genetics and seeing a lot of anxious behavior can cause social anxiety; however, it is not certain how it is related to social anxiety(â€Å"Social† para. 10). Even though social anxiety can run in families, scientists are not sure how it is actually linked to genes(Higuera para. 6). Whenever people are around their families frequently, they learn to react the same way their family members do which can lead to social anxiety(Higuera para. 6). When people notice a great deal of anxious behavior around them, they could catch on and start acting the same way(Nordqvist para. 16). Shy and bottled up children are more likely to have social anxiety than other children(Nordqvist para. 16). Overprotective parenting is another cause of social anxiety(Nordqvist para. 16). If social anxiety runs in the family,

Technology And Learning Enabling Or Subverting - 1362 Words

Topic Technology and Learning: Enabling or Subverting, Chapter 12 Analysis of Required Reading Position 1: Technology Enables Learning As we employ new technological tools, our views about technology itself change. Advances are being made in areas such as solar energy, radio, television microwave, medical imaging, satellite communication, and laser surgery and our children need to be able to keep up with these and other technological advances now and in the future. After all, technological knowledge is needed in pretty much all modern occupations. In the schools, â€Å"Technology demonstrates daily its practical value in classroom instruction, teacher and student research, improved school design and operation, increasing student interest and teacher scope, and interlinking the school and the globe† (Nelson, Palonsky, McCarthy, 2013, p. 280). Hardly anyone uses chalkboards and textbook anymore, and teenagers, better known as â€Å"screenagers†, have a unique relationship with technology with or without it in the classroom. As far as teachers’ roles in the classroom with technology, they are transformed into â€Å"guides to the side† using technology for the actual instruction and assessment while they serve as designers and organizers of instructional material, facilitators of the actual learning, and knowledgeable, supportive mentors. Some may doubt the benefits of learning from and with technology, but studies have shown using technology has improved outcomes in cognitive knowledgeShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesclear that all this complexity has been changing the fundamental dimensions of business strategy and the meaning of its implementation. These changes affect a broad range of decisions, including the following: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  How to invest in technology How to lead meaningful human resources initiatives How to maintain alliances successfully What the speed of new product or service development should be What the appropriate time horizons for investments and financial planning are How to implement

Miranda Law Free Essays

On March 13, 1963, in Phoenix, Arizona, Ernesto Miranda, a man with a past criminal record, was arrested at Arizona in his home. Ernesto Miranda was arrested and brought into custody by the police and brought to the Phoenix police station. He was suspected and then later identified as the person who stole $8. We will write a custom essay sample on Miranda Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 from a Phoenix, Arizona bank worker. Ernesto Miranda was questioned for two hours by police, then confessed to the robbery, unexpectedly he also confessed to kidnapping and raping an 18 year old girl 11 days earlier. He had signed the two written confessions. During the arrest and questioning, Miranda was never told he had the right to remain silent, to have a lawyer, and to be protected against self-incrimination. On June 19, 1963, Miranda was trialed in court for the robbery charges from Barbara Roe, the women who accused him of the robbery. His lawyer, Alvin Moore, argued that Miranda was mentally ill, hoping to gain his client freedom. Two doctors examined Miranda and conclude that he was not mentally ill. They said, â€Å"Miranda was aware of the nature and quality of his acts and he was aware that what he did was wrong. Miranda’s mentally ill claim was dropped. During the trial on June 19th, Carroll Cooley, the officer who questioned Miranda had admitted that he did not tell Miranda that he was allowed an attorney at the time, and that anything he said could be used against him in court. Alvin Moore believed the confession’s of Miranda were not voluntary and that the confessions should be dismissed. The judge disagreed, and found Miranda guilty on the robbery charges. They next day, on June 20,1963, was Miranda’s kidnapping and rape trail. Once again Alvin Moore asked for the confessions to be dismissed as evidence because it was a violation of Miranda’s constitutional rights, to be questioned without the knowledge of being granted an attorney and for him to know his rights. The judge told the jury that they could decide if the confessions were voluntary or not, because of the signed confession they decided it was. Based largely on his confessions during the police questioning, Miranda was sentenced to twenty to thirty years in jail. In August 1963, Moore went for an appeal. He felt the decision was unfair and did not follow the proper rules of the law and constitution. He believed Miranda’s constitutional rights were denied. He filed an appeal with the appellate court, the Arizona Supreme court. The supreme court or appellate court is there to search for any discrepancies in the trail that many have violated the proper procedures, they do not look at the criminal case itself. If the appellate court found that Miranda’s confession was involuntary then the conviction would be overturned. The Arizona Supreme Court, upheld the first decision of the criminal court where Miranda remained behind bars. At the same time, in Washington D. C. supreme court, there was a pending case of Danny Escobedo, one similar to that of the case of Miranda’s, which would influence Miranda’s case. Escobedo was accused of murdering his brother in law. Police brought him in for questioning, when Escobedo asked for a lawyer he was denied by the officer. After hours of questioning, Escobedo finally admitted in the plotting of the murder, he did not pull the trigger though. Escobedo was convicted of murder. Escobedo’s lawyer argued that his confession was not voluntary and he was denied a lawyer. Just six weeks before, the Supreme Courts had decided Massiah V. United States, another similar case, in which the courts ruled for the first time, that the Sixth Amendment right gave the defendant the right to a â€Å"counsel† once the individual has been charge. This decision was used in Escobedo’s trial where his conviction was reversed because his confession was dismissed. The decision made in the Escobedo V. Illinois (1964) , one year after the Miranda’s trial in the Arizona Supreme Court, helped Miranda resurfaced his trial. In 1996, in Arizona prison, Miranda sent a petition to the U. S. Supreme Court. His case was accepted because it raised issues in a person’s constitutional rights. The Supreme Court had to revisit many issues and used Miranda’s second appeal as a starting point. John Flynn, a highly regarded defense lawyer took over the appeal case. He claimed that the police had violated Miranda’s Fifth Amendment right to protection against self-incrimination. The Bill of rights states that, â€Å"No person†¦shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. This violation accrued during the police interrogation. They did not inform Miranda of his rights to remain silent, or to request for an attorney, which would protect him from self-incrimination. Arizona state lawyers argued that Miranda could have asked for an attorney anytime during the interrogation, but he did not do so. Flynn argued that since the police already violated his Fifth amendment right, of informing Miranda of self-incrimination, then caused them to violate Miranda’s Sixth amendment of a right to a lawyer. It states that, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions†¦have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. † The U. S. Supreme Court agreed with John Flynn and reversed Miranda’s conviction. Chief Justice Earl Warren said that Miranda raise issues that, â€Å"go to the root of our concepts of America Criminal jurisprudence: the restrains society must observe consistent with the Federal Constitution in prosecuting individuals for crimes†¦the necessity for procedures which assure that the individual is accorded his privilege under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution not to be compelled to incriminate himself. He finds it necessary for all to follow procedures and laws that the Amendments lay out for American citizens. Miranda was re-tried after his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court. In his second trial, his confession was not presented. However, he was still convicted of kidnapping and rape based on other evidence. He served eleven years in prison and was paroled in 1972. After his release from prison, he made money by selling â€Å"Miranda rights† cards with his signature on them. In 1976, at the age of 34, he was stabbed to death in a bar fight. Ironically, the man suspected of killing him exercised his Miranda rights and refused to talk to police. He was released and never charged with Miranda’s murder. Following the trial Chief Warren clarified rules for police to follow in future cases. It is a now popular line known to be cited by officers during questioning. The statement goes, â€Å"you have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Do you understand? † The officer must receive a verbal or written agreement that the suspect understands his right to remain silent. The officer is then says â€Å"Anything you do say can and will be used against you in a court of law. Do you understand? † Once again, the officer must have a verbal or written acknowledgement of their right. The next statement continues, â€Å"You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. Do you understand? † That statement is followed by â€Å"If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. Do you understand? If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Do you understand? † The last Miranda right specifically asks â€Å"Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present? † The Supreme Court then said that the â€Å"process of interrogation is intimidating by its very nature, and that a suspect must be read his or her rights to counteract this intimidation. A suspect needs to be read their rights before he is to be interrogated and an officer may arrest a suspect without reading the Miranda rights as long as the police does not question or interrogate the suspect in any way. Police initially opposed Miranda rights, but it soon became universally recognized. The â€Å"Miranda Rights† was a major mile stone in U. S. history. It has further strengthened the American citizen’s constitutional rights. The Miranda rule protects suspects from abusive tactics during interrogations by guaranteeing that defendants know their legal rights. It also restructured the legal system by having law enforcement remind suspects of their rights. Without the Miranda laws, courts would have to evaluate each arrest in order to make sure that all legal procedures were followed. Reading a suspect’s rights protects both the law officer and the suspect from wrongful prosecution, but it has also cause many issues for the law enforcement agencies. With the Miranda rights in place, law enforcement procedures are more complicated. People now know their rights to remain silent and many suspects exercise their right. They wait for a lawyer, resulting in fewer voluntary confessions, prosecutions, convictions and crimes solved. The Miranda rights also cause millions of dollars in lawyer fees and court fees for both the state and the prosecutors. For the past 40 years American citizens have recognized the Miranda rights as a popular line in most police television drama, but it has much deeper significance. It has not just changed the procedures of an arrest and interrogation, but also has revolutionized the civil liberties of being an American citizen. Miranda v. Arizona is the one of the most important case to the development of human rights. How to cite Miranda Law, Essay examples

Against ordinary language for the language of the body

Question: Discuss about the Against ordinary language for the language of the body. Answer: In the book, Against ordinary language: the language of the body, the author Kathy Acker write the chapter in the form a diary entry when the author tries to tell the experience that the person has experiences while body building[1]. Through the art of bodybuilding, the author tries to explain the language of the body in different manners. The main idea about the text is that is drifts away from the general meaning of body language. The normal meaning of body language means the way a person communicates through the use o different gestures or through non-verbal communication. However, in the present text the author drifts away from the general meaning of the language of the body, the author used the terms to show how a body will speak through the muscles. Kathy tries to write about the world of bodybuilding and explains it as geography of no language, as she was having difficulty in understanding the world of bodybuilding; she turns to the authors, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Elias Canetti. It is difficult to relate the two worlds of dreams with concrete world of the bodybuilding. However, the capacity of Kathy Acker lies in the fact that she is able to explain the surreal world of Canetti and relate the world of bodybuilding. The greatest strength of Kathy is that she never shy away from calling that the athletes are stupid or do not shy away from saying that the job of body builders monotonous in nature. References Acker, Kathy.AGAINST ORDINARY LANGUAGE: THE LANGUAGE OF THE BODY. 1992. Print. [1] Acker, Kathy.AGAINST ORDINARY LANGUAGE: THE LANGUAGE OF THE BODY. 1992. Print.

Role of Wealthy Countries in International Development

Faces of Deception in Ingmar Bergmans Persona essays

Faces of Deception in Ingmar Bergmans Persona essays Persona is probably Ingmar Bergmans most famous film. Its notoriety goes beyond the sum of its controversial ingredients, however, which are many (the inclusion of footage of an erect penis in the pre-title sequence, graphic verbal descriptions of an orgy, etc.); rather, its enduring legacy has more to do with the fraught complications of the plot itself, which has proven to be nearly impossible for critics and audiences to unravel ever since its release in the year 1966. While I make no claims of being able to solve the mystery of Persona, in what follows, I intend to focus on one primary aspect of the film the role that the human face plays throughout in order to gain insight into what I believe to be one of Personas central clues. From the very beginning of the film the famous pre-title sequence the face plays a primary role. The pre-title sequence, of course, consists of a montage of different still images, but culminates in a young boy in bed touching the large, projected face of a woman on a screen. The boy is clearly meant to be the son of Elisabeth, and the projection of the face is Elisabeth herself. What is only hinted at here will become clear towards the end of the film namely, Elisabeths distant stance from her son, and the boys desire to be closer to his mother something that he can never do, owing to her lack of authenticity. Indeed, the illness that Elisabeth (Liv Ullman), the actress, seems to be suffering from is a lack of authenticity. She feels that it is impossible for her to give an authentic reaction to tragic events, so in order to deal with this dilemma, which obviously affects her profoundly, she stops speaking. Her breakdown occurred when she was in the middle of playing the title role in Electra on stage. A young nurse, Sister Alma (Bibi Andersson), is assigned to take care of her. As Alma is unable to effe...